HOW WE USE AND ABUSE GLASS IN UGANDA.
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Today I gave a talk on glass as a construction material. Looking at how we use glass in Uganda, especially around Kampala, one quickly realises that some buildings make the city feel like one is swimming in treacle. Glass is a good material. It works beautifully in façades, balcony balustrades, staircases, partitions, and many other architectural applications. But when imitation dominates decision-making, glass is easily abused. You find poorly designed hotels and commercial buildings trying very hard to look like Dubai, even when our climate, budget, workmanship, and maintenance culture are saying something completely different. It is crazy, almost bombastic.
I did not mind the imitation at first. That is how we all learn new things. But Uganda is in the tropics. We have strong sun, high temperatures, and serious east-west solar exposure. So when you place large areas of clear glass on a building, you are not just adding beauty. You are bringing home a hot babe with very high maintenance costs. The building may look attractive from the road, but inside it demands fans, air conditioning, darker curtains, and a monthly electricity bill that keeps reminding you that beauty needs to be approached cautiously if you intend to keep your savings intact.
From where I stand, glass is not just about transparency. It is about transmissivity. It determines how much light enters, how much heat follows it, and how comfortable the building becomes. Good design balances daylight, heat, glare, ventilation, privacy, safety, and cost. Bad design simply copies what looked nice on Pinterest.
And like many things we love, not all glass is the same. Tinted glass reduces glare and solar gain. Reflective glass pushes away part of the solar radiation. Laminated glass improves safety. Insulated glass reduces heat transfer. But many buildings here still use ordinary clear float glass where engineered glass is required. That is not saving money. That is postponing cost.
Of course, glass itself is very innocent, especially when it has been properly specified, properly oriented, properly shaded, and properly integrated into the building. But Ugandans, with our love for low-cost solutions, will quickly ask whether it is cheap. The truth is that cheap glass in the wrong place becomes expensive very quickly. Good glass, used intelligently, can be economical, beautiful, comfortable, and sustainable.
The problems are usually defined at the planning stage. Some bandits and rigid developers claim that since birds build their own nests, they too can define exactly what they want and go ahead to build it. This is especially common with developers who have travelled, seen a few shiny buildings, but lack the professional depth and self-awareness to recognise their own limitations. They then overrun architects, especially timid architects, and that is where the trouble begins. If your architect cannot prevail on you enough to explain sun path, orientation, glazing ratios, shading, ventilation, and thermal performance, glass quickly becomes punishment. The result is overheated rooms, unusable balconies, blinding glare, and interiors that look good in photos but are painful to live in.
So here are my free don’ts for Ugandans. Avoid large glass areas on east and west-facing façades, do not use ordinary clear glass everywhere, always combine glass with shading from overhangs, fins, screens, verandas, and trees, use smaller but well-positioned openings, think about ventilation before appearance, and never use decorative glass as if it is structural glass.
And I am not saying that we should use less glass in Uganda. We just need to understand that glass is a system that needs smarter approaches. It controls light, heat, comfort, energy, safety, and long-term building performance. The goal is to leverage its benefits intelligently, without turning the building into a daily punishment.