Educated fact:
In catalytic reforming processes at refineries, highly complex platinum-rhenium catalysts are used. They are extremely sensitive to even the smallest impurities in the feedstock and are prone to so-called “catalyst poisoning.”
If Asian analogs or regenerated old components contain even 0.001% higher sulfur or heavy metals content than required by licensed technology (for example, from American UOP), the catalyst becomes irreversibly deactivated within just a few days.
Replacing the coked or poisoned layer requires a complete shutdown and reloading of the entire reactor unit — which, under sanctions, is a catastrophe.