In 1087, William the Conqueror became too heavy to ride his horse. His solution was to stop eating entirely and subsist on nothing but alcohol. This is reportedly the first recorded fad diet in human history, and it didn't work...
The logic, as best historians can reconstruct it from the era, went something like this. Excess food makes you fat. Therefore, stop eating food. You will be hungry but you will not care about being hungry if you are drunk. Alcohol is a liquid not a food therefore it cannot make you fat. Every single step of that reasoning is wrong but it has a certain internal coherence that you have to admire. William confined himself to his room at Rouen castle, took to his bed, and drank. For the better part of a year the King of England consumed almost nothing but alcohol in an attempt to lose enough weight to get back on his horse.
The reason historians take this story seriously is Orderic Vitalis, a Benedictine monk and chronicler whose Historia Ecclesiastica, written around 1140 AD, is considered one of the most reliable accounts of this period and is the primary source for what happened to William in his final year. Orderic documents William's extreme obesity, his self-imposed seclusion at Rouen castle in 1087 to address his weight, and the catastrophic events that followed. The all-alcohol liquid diet detail comes from sources drawing on that same chronicle tradition and is consistent with everything Orderic records about the king's physical condition.
What Orderic confirms directly is that William had become so corpulent that King Philip I of France mocked him publicly, saying he looked like a pregnant woman lying in. When news of this reached William he was furious, leapt from his bed, demanded a horse, and invaded the French town of Mantes to teach Philip a lesson in manners. During the attack his horse stumbled and William was thrown violently against the pommel of his saddle. The blow ruptured his internal organs, and he died six weeks later in agony.
The burial was its own disaster. His body had become so bloated that the attendants could not fit it into the stone sarcophagus. When they tried to force it in, Orderic writes that the swollen bowels burst and an intolerable stench assailed the nostrils of the bystanders and the whole crowd. The priests were forced to hurry the service to a close, as the crowd could not handle the stench. The man who conquered England in 1066 and ruled it for twenty-one years was buried in a coffin too small for his body, in a church evacuated by the smell, attended by almost nobody because his household had fled the moment he died to protect their own property.
The all-alcohol diet is the part that might be slightly embellished by later sources. The obesity, the mockery, the rage, the catastrophic fall, the exploding coffin and the empty church are all Orderic Vitalis.
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