Detail of horseman on the Pazyryk Carpet (500 BC) -
Pazyryk Carpet - the oldest hand-knotted oriental rug known was excavated from the Altai Mountains in Siberia in 1948. It was discovered in the grave of the prince of Altai, in Scythian kurgan burial in the Pazyryk Valley of the Ukok plateau in Altai Mountains (5400ft above sea level), Siberia, south of the modern city of Novosibirsk, Russia. Tomb mounds discovered there are now part of the Golden Mountains of Altai UNESCO World Heritage Site. It clearly shows how hand-knotted rugs were produced thousands of years ago. Radiocarbon testing revealed that Pazyryk carpet was woven in 5th Century BC, thus approximately 2500 years old. The advanced weaving techniques and the sophisticated design and construction, used in this rug, suggest the art of carpet weaving to go back much further than 5th Century BC, to be at least 4000 years old. Today the rug is in the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad, Russia.
When the prince of Altai died, he was buried in a grave mound with many of his prized possessions, including the Pazryk Carpet. Unfortunately, soon after, the grave mound was robbed of its prized possessions, with the exception of the rug. The rug was semi-frozen because the thieves did not bother to cover up the hole they had dug to retrieve the items, rendering the hole exposed to the elements within the tomb. The combination of low temperature and precipitation within the tomb subsequently froze the carpet, and preserved it in a thick sheet of ice, protecting it for 25 Centuries. This somewhat ironic story is the reason that the Pazyryk rug still exists today.
Although it was found in a Schythian burial-mound, most experts attribute the Pazyryk rug to Armenia, but some scholars considered the origin of the carpet in Persia, as its design is in same style as sculptures of Persepolis, The outer of the two principal border bands is decorated with a line of horsemen: seven on each side, 28 in number - a figure which corresponds to the number of males who carried the throne of Xerxes to Perspolis. Some are mounted, while others walk beside their horses. In the inner principal band there is a line of six elks on each side.
The horseman of the Pazyryk culture apparently accumulated great wealth through horse trading with merchants in Persia, India and China as evidenced by the variety of grave goods including Chinese silk, the pile carpet, horses decked out in elaborate trappings and wooden furniture and a full-sized burial chariot found there. Some horses were provided with leather or felt masks made to resemble animals, with stag antlers or rams’ horns often incorporated in them. Bearded mascarons (masks) of well-defined Greco-Roman origin were also found. Scholars think these may have been inspired by the Hellenistic kingdoms of the Cimmerian Bosporus.
The extra figures inside the elks are depicting the inwards and the vertebra of the elk, all parts in real positions with nearly clinical precision:
1. The heart, just above the, front legs (a yellow framed red sphere, black contoured).
2. The aorta (a long red protuberance on the heart).
3. The maw, on the right hand side of the sphere (a large yellow area with a widening upwards on the end).
4. The intestine, in the rear end (a yellow square surrounded by a light blue and a yellow bow).
5. Possibly the urethra, on the upper part of the right hind leg (a yellow line with a black point), better to see on some others deer on the border.
6. The vertebra, directly below the brown back contour (an alternating black-white chain).
These finds were preserved when water seeped into the tombs in antiquity and froze, encasing the burial goods in ice until their excavation by archaeologists M. P. Gryaznov in 1929 and Sergei Ivanovich Rudenko in 1947–1949.
#archaeohistories