Respected @nsitharaman ji and @FinMinIndia, Suggestion 2 of 3 for strengthening India's capital markets: Dividend income on listed equities should not be subjected to double taxation. A business can raise capital in only two ways: debt or equity. When a company raises debt, the interest paid to lenders is treated as a business expense and deducted before tax. The lender may then pay tax on the interest received. However, when a company raises equity capital, dividends are paid out of profits that have already suffered corporate tax. The shareholder is then taxed again on the same stream of income. More importantly, equity capital bears far greater risk than debt capital. A lender has a contractual right to interest and principal repayment. A shareholder has no such guarantee. Dividends are discretionary, capital is fully at risk, and the shareholder stands last in line if a business fails. If debt providers receive tax-deductible compensation despite bearing lower risk, there is a strong case for more favourable treatment of equity providers who supply the permanent capital that fuels entrepreneurship, innovation, employment and economic growth. India needs to encourage long-term risk capital and greater participation in equity markets. Tax policy should reward those who provide patient equity capital to Indian enterprises rather than place them at a relative disadvantage compared to debt capital. Respectfully submitted.

Respected @nsitharaman ji and @FinMinIndia , Suggestion 1 of 3 for strengthening India's capital markets: Long-term capital gains tax on listed equities should be abolished. A long-term shareholder is not a speculator but a provider of patient risk capital. By investing in and holding businesses, investors help companies expand, create jobs, innovate and contribute to India's economic growth. India requires enormous amounts of long-term capital to build world class enterprises, infrastructure and global champions. Tax policy should encourage households to move savings from passive assets, including imported stores of value such as gold, into productive businesses that create jobs, generate tax revenues and build national wealth. The appreciation in a company's value is not created in isolation. During its growth journey, the government already collects corporate tax, GST, income tax from employees, customs duties, stamp duties and numerous other levies. Long-term capital gains are often the final outcome of economic activity that has already generated substantial tax revenues. Most importantly, tax policy should clearly distinguish between investment and speculation. A long term shareholder is a partner in wealth creation, not merely a participant in market transactions. Tax policy should reward long-term ownership of productive businesses and distinguish it from short-term speculation. India needs more patient capital, more entrepreneurship and more long term investing. Abolishing long-term capital gains tax on listed equities would be a powerful step in that direction. Respectfully submitted.

When investing in ETFs, there are two prices to watch: the market price on the exchange and the iNAV (Indicative Net Asset Value), which reflects the fair value of the ETF’s underlying holdings, published by AMCs. Since ETFs trade on exchanges, their market price can sometimes move away from the NAV due to volatility or demand-supply imbalances. As a result, an ETF may trade at a premium or discount to its fair value. For example, some international ETFs are trading at a premium to their NAV because overseas investment limits have been hit. To help you avoid trading away from fair value, we’ve added a nudge on the Kite order window that highlights when an ETF is trading at a premium or discount to its iNAV.