One man in California has spent 57 years recording the sounds of natural places. Much of what he's recorded no longer exists.
His name is Bernie Krause. He started as a folk musician and an early pioneer of the Moog synthesizer. In 1968, he began carrying recording equipment into rainforests, deserts, coral reefs, African savannas, and research sites associated with scientists like Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey.
The Wild Sanctuary archive now contains more than 5,000 hours of recordings and over 15,000 identified species. Krause coined the term "biophony" to describe the collective sound of living organisms in a habitat and helped establish the field of soundscape ecology.
Through thousands of recordings, he observed that healthy ecosystems often partition acoustic space, with different species occupying different frequencies and times of day. On a spectrogram, an intact habitat can resemble a densely layered musical score.
When Krause revisited many of the places he had recorded decades earlier, he found that over half had become silent, severely degraded, or so altered by human activity that their original biophonies could no longer be heard. His archive preserves sounds from ecosystems that have been transformed or lost.