India with 7,500 km of coastline still spends 75% of its vacation budget in the hills
Hill states like Uttarakhand and Himachal attract over 7.5 Crore domestic visitors annually, while Goa and Kerala together draw under 3 Crore
This bias was engineered two centuries ago.
When the British came to India, they came from London’s 18 °C summers to a country where the Gangetic plains routinely hit 40–45°C by April and stayed that way till the monsoon
Humidity in Calcutta averaged 80–85%, and in Delhi, hot winds called loo made the outdoors uninhabitable
There were no air conditioners, no electric fans, and no deep plumbing for running water. As a result, the British were dying from heat and disease. The mortality rates among Europeans in the Bengal Presidency in the 1820s–40s were 20–30% annually, with cholera, malaria, and heatstroke rampant
To survive, they went uphill to create "hill sanatoria”
By the mid-1800s, the Empire had built towns from scratch in the clouds. Shimla, Ooty, Darjeeling, Mount Abu, all were between 6,000 and 8,000 ft and all averaging 20–25 °C when the plains touched 45 °C.
Then came the infrastructure
They engineered entire routes to it, like the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (1881), the Kalka–Shimla line (1903), the Nilgiri Mountain Railway (1908), with their tunnels and bridges
All to take the administration far from the heat
For half the year, the Viceroy, the Commander-in-Chief, secretariats, clerks, postal systems, and even schools operated from Shimla. It's no wonder it was the Summer Capital of British India
This seasonal migration created a pattern that outlived the empire
In 1947, the British left. 80 years later, the operating calendar still exists where schools still shut down in May–June. Hill stations still keep the rest houses, clubs, and colonial-era lodging that made them “organised” holiday towns
The railway lines built for administrators became passenger lines for the new middle class, and the idea that comfort is in the hills became a cultural default. Even today, with widespread flight connectivity, India still travels along the routes it inherited. Pretty crazy that a thinking that is inapplicable to us is still deeply rooted in large-scale decision-making
We are simply following infrastructure set 150 years before we had the freedom to choose