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In 2016, the UK voted to leave the EU.
Here's a 'Sliding Doors' style look at what we could have won had the Brexit vote gone the other way. (It's also a bare bones blueprint for some of the potential benefits that could be touted by a future Rejoin movement.)
Each section below covers one particular aspect of EU membership.
1. Economic Benefits:
- Full, unfettered access to the largest trading bloc in the world
- Significant administrative savings due to absence of customs and other documentation for EU trade
- No additional VAT or duties on goods imported from or exported to the EU
- Participation in EU trade agreements with over 70 non-EU countries
- Frictionless borders enabling just-in-time manufacturing, crucial for automotive, aerospace and other sectors
- Financial passporting for City of London firms, allowing financial services companies authorized in the UK to operate throughout the EU without needing separate authorization in each member state.
- Faster delivery times across the EU
- Streamlined international supply chains
- Open access to the EU market for UK fish exports
- Participation in the EU Single Energy Market
- Simplified VAT procedures for cross-border trade
- Access to EU structural and regional development funding
- Participation in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS)
- Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies for farmers
- Easy access to a willing seasonal agricultural workforce
- Simplified process for recognition of professional qualifications across the EU
- Economies of scale for businesses operating across the EU
- Increased attractiveness for foreign investors (the "UK as gateway to Europe" vision of Margaret Thatcher)
- Protection for foods of geographical origin (e.g., Melton Mowbray pork pies)
- Venture capital funding and startup loans from EU programs
- Products made in the UK can be sold in over 30 countries without extra approval
- Right to offer services all over the EU on the same basis as to UK clients
- Support for SMEs through the Enterprise Europe Network, European SME Week, and funding through programs like the InvestEU SME window
2. Travel, and Freedom of Movement:
- Freedom for UK citizens to travel, work, study and retire anywhere in the EU
- Freedom for EU citizens to travel, work, study and retire in the UK
- No 90-in-180 day limit on how long UK citizens can holiday in the EU
- Exemption from upcoming EES and ETIAS border systems
- Access to fast EU queues at EU airports and ports
- EU-wide mobile phone roaming at domestic rates
- Access to home content on streaming services while travelling in the EU
- Driving licenses valid all over the EU
- Multi-year pet passports for easy travel with pets
3. Education and Research:
- Extensive scientific and academic collaboration
- Participation in Horizon Europe research program
- Participation in Erasmus program, offering university student exchanges, and opportunities for apprentices, teachers and youth workers.
- Right to study in EU universities at the same lower home fees as locals
- Mutual recognition of academic and many professional qualifications
- Access to state-of-the-art EU research facilities
4. Consumer Rights and Protections:
- Enhanced consumer protections, including for cross-border shopping
- Strong food labelling regulations
- Mandatory minimum 2-year warranty period on goods
- Right to cancel and return orders within 14 days
- Legally enforced 14-day cooling-off period on timeshare agreements
- No surcharges on credit and debit card transactions
- Protection under EU's Passenger Rights regulations for all modes of transport
5. Health and Safety:
- European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) for access to medically-necessary state provided healthcare during temporary stays in the EU
- Quicker access to safe/new medicines
- Enhanced medical research partnerships
- Single system of chemical regulation (REACH)
- Participation in EURATOM for vital medical isotopes
- High toy safety standards
- Participation in the EU Early Warning and Response System for pandemics
- Coordinated approach to rare diseases
- High food safety standards
- Participation in the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), enhancing the UK's ability to respond to health threats
6. Workers' Rights:
- Secure baseline of worker protections, including limits on working hours, guaranteed rest breaks, and a minimum of 4 weeks paid leave annually
- Equal treatment across the EU: Workers from any EU country must be given the same salary conditions and rights as local staff when working in other EU countries
- Protection for agency workers
- Protection under the EU's Working Time Directive
- Strong EU directives against workplace discrimination based on gender, race, religion, disability, age, or sexual orientation
7. Environmental Protection:
- Significant environmental protections
- Cleaner air backed by the EU Air Quality Directive
- Cleaner beaches and stronger penalties for untreated sewage discharges
- Protection of 500 bird species under EU legislation
- Participation in EU environmental initiatives like the European Green Deal
- Strong protection against GM food and chlorinated chicken
- Access to EU environmental funding through programs such as LIFE
- Participation in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) for carbon credits
8. Citizenship and Legal Rights:
- EU citizenship, with additional rights and protections
- Right to vote in local and European elections when living in any EU country
- Access to European Court of Justice
- Enhanced human rights protection through the Charter of Fundamental Rights
- Right to petition the European Parliament
- Consular protection from any EU embassy in countries where the UK itself has no embassy presence
- European Citizens' Initiative, allowing any citizen to directly influence EU policy by collecting sufficient signatures on matters in which the EU has competence
9. Data and Digital Rights:
- Strong data protection laws (GDPR)
- Right to be forgotten
- Access to personal data held by companies
- Participation in EU digital initiatives, such as the Digital Single Market
- EU-wide protection for .eu domain names
- Stronger collective stance against global tech giants
- Legally enforced net neutrality
10. Cultural and Creative Industries:
- EU Creative Europe funding to support British film, theatre, and music industries
- Free movement for musicians, artists, and their equipment, including no need for visas or work permits
- Participation in European Capital of Culture program
- Participation in European Heritage Label initiative
11. Security and International Cooperation:
- Support for the Good Friday Agreement and active promotion of the Irish peace process
- Cooperation on security issues and access to shared crime databases
- Participation in European Arrest Warrant system
- Cooperation on counter-terrorism efforts
- EU-wide coordination on cybersecurity threats
- Collaboration on migration issues
- Participation in EU's common foreign and security policy
- Collaborative space exploration and participation in Galileo GPS system
- Support for democracy and human rights globally
- Disaster relief funding (e.g. flood relief)
- Access to real-time security databases such as the Schengen Information System (SIS II) and the European Criminal Records Information System (ECRIS)
12. Political Influence:
- A say in the running of the EU, including British MEPs and representation at all levels
- The right to appoint British judges to the ECJ and commissioners to the European Commission
- Influence on setting EU budget and priorities
- More powerful presence on world stage as part of EU bloc
- Stronger voice in international forums
- Greater leverage in global trade negotiations
- Collaboration with EU partners to hold large multinational corporations accountable for taxes
- Voting power in the Council of the EU
13. Social and Community Benefits:
- EU-wide social security coordination
- Access to funding for community development projects
- Initiatives providing support for regional and minority languages such as Welsh
- Support for social inclusion and equality initiatives
- Access to EU funding for disadvantaged areas
14. Future Potential and Shared Innovation:
- Collaborative research and development in cutting-edge fields like renewable energy, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology.
- United approach to global challenges such as climate change, migration, and health crises.
- Influence in shaping global standards for data protection, consumer rights, and environmental regulations.
- Joint investment in strategic technologies, including semiconductors and quantum computing.
- Coordinated efforts in space exploration and satellite technology.
- Shared initiatives for digital transformation and the growth of the digital economy.
- Collective development of sustainable and smart cities.