‘All Men Are Created Equal’: America’s Founding Was Centuries In the Making
dailytorch.com/2026/06/all-m…
In 1825, Thomas Jefferson wrote in a letter to Henry Lee that his influences in deriving the free and equal principle in the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 signed by the Founding Fathers in Liberty Hall in Philadelphia, Pa.: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness…” included Aristotle, Marcus Tullius Cicero, John Locke and Algernon Sidney — philosophers whose lives spanned more than 2,000 years. By then the American Revolution had already begun with the battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775. The Continental Congress had already been founded in September 1774. George Washington was already named Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in June 1775. But there was still one missing ingredient: Independence. Jefferson explained: "when forced therefore to resort to arms for redress, an appeal to the tribunal of the world was deemed proper for our justification. this was the object of the Declaration of Independance. not to find out new principles, or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things which had never been said before; but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject; [. . .] terms so plain and firm, as to command their assent, and to justify ourselves in the independant stand we [. . .] compelled to take. neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular and previous writing, it was intended to be an expression of the american mind, and to give to that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion. Jefferson noted that the words themselves were centuries in the making: “all it’s authority rests then on the harmonising sentiments of the day, whether expressed, in conversns in letters, printed essays or in the elementary books of public right, as Aristotle, Cicero, Locke, Sidney Etc. the historical documents which you mention as in your possession, ought all to be found, and I am persuaded you will find, to be corroborative of the facts and principles advanced in that Declaration." So, what of these influences? Clearly based on Jefferson’s letter, they were classical, in part, and they were inspired by the Enlightenment writers, too, who were inspired by both the Bible and the classical sources. The biblical references are explicitly all throughout Locke’s “An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding,” “The First Treatise of Government” and the “The Second Treatise of Government” and Sidney’s “Discourses Concerning Government” including the Old Testament, including Genesis, the New Testament and the Golden Rule, but Locke and Sidney also included Aristotle and Cicero and other classical thinkers. And so, the Founding was Judeo-Christian in part, and classical in part, considered by some to be the last act of the Renaissance. And it was revolutionary.