ML in Physics was an oral exam in my masters.
So, my lazy ass only grinded theory and then they pull up a laptop.
Couldn’t even code up an MLP. Worst grade I got in my masters (rightfully)
The PhD exams are different. At Stanford I had one of these. The topics were machine learning, graphical models, and convex optimization, broad to the point of meaninglessness and my committee was Andrew Ng, Daphne Koller, and Stephen Boyd, and it was an oral so they stare.