These wishy washy word play games of "more like", "often", and "frequently" that litter this opening paragraph, are nothing more than a blatant effort to try to talk about what it wasn't, in an attempt not to have to address what it was. That dog won't hunt with me. Sorry
Biblical “slavery” (often better translated “servitude”) was frequently debt-based, voluntary, or POW-related — more like indentured service than race-based, hereditary chattel slavery with no rights. Foreign slaves had protections: Sabbath rest, release for severe injury (Exodus 21:26-27), no kidnapping (Exodus 21:16 — death penalty), and refuge for runaways (Deuteronomy 23:15-16).
The Mosaic Law regulates an existing, universal ancient institution (slavery/servitude was practiced everywhere in the Near East) rather than instituting or celebrating it. God meets a hard-hearted, fallen people where they are and imposes limits to reduce harm, similar to how the Bible regulates divorce (Matthew 19:8 — permitted “because of your hardness of heart”) or polygamy without calling them good.
The Bible shows a direction away from slavery: God’s foundational act is liberating Israel from Egyptian bondage (Exodus). Jubilee cycles emphasize release and restoration. Prophets champion justice for the oppressed.
The New Testament deepens this: Galatians 3:28 (“neither slave nor free... all one in Christ”), Philemon (Paul urges a master to receive a runaway slave “no longer as a bondservant but... as a beloved brother”), and the principle of loving your neighbor as yourself undermine the institution. Early Christians and later abolitionists (Wilberforce, etc.) drew on this to end slavery.
God’s ultimate ideal is freedom (Galatians 5:1; Isaiah 61:1 quoted by Jesus). The Old Testament laws are temporary and preparatory, not timeless moral absolutes for all societies.