A Trend-Following Strategy (18% Annual Returns Since 1926)
A recent research paper, “A Century of Profitable Industry Trends,” by Carlo Zarattini and Gary Antonacci demonstrates that a straightforward trend-following approach applied to industries has produced impressive long-term results.
The system, based on breakout entries, trailing exits, and volatility-adjusted position sizing, generated approximately 18% annualized returns going back to 1926 across 48 industry portfolios, while maintaining strong risk-adjusted performance.
Trading Rules
The strategy detects trends using simple breakout techniques.
A long position is initiated whenever an industry’s closing price rises above the upper boundary of either a Donchian Channel or a Keltner Channel.
The Donchian signal uses the highest price observed during the previous 20 trading days, while the lower band relies on a longer 40-day lookback period.
This asymmetry encourages the system to remain invested during sustained advances.
The Keltner Channel is constructed around a 20-day exponential moving average combined with a volatility buffer equal to 1.4 times the Average True Range, again paired with a 40-day lower band.
The strategy only takes long positions. When no industries display clear upward momentum, capital is allocated to Treasury bills instead of remaining exposed to equities.
Risk management
Risk management is handled through volatility targeting. Each industry position is scaled so that it contributes a similar amount of risk to the overall portfolio.
Allocation weights are therefore inversely proportional to recent 14-day volatility, meaning more volatile industries receive smaller positions.
To keep leverage within realistic limits, total portfolio exposure is capped at 200%.
Exits are governed by a trailing stop mechanism. The stop level is defined as whichever is higher between the lower Donchian band and the lower Keltner band, both calculated using a 40-day lookback.
Importantly, once the stop moves higher, it is never reduced. This allows profitable trends to continue while ensuring losing trades are closed quickly.
Results (Backtest below image)
To read our full article on this strategy, check out our X-post (Feb14-26). I strongly recommend reading the original research paper for a deeper understanding.