ALT On top is an illustration of cell population dynamics across treatment-release cycles. Treatment cycles are shown on the x axis, the log # of cells on the y axis, and two lines for conc 1 and conc 2. Conc 1 has a red dashed line labeled long-term survival and conc 2 has a blue dashed line labeled long-term extinction. The plot depicts how, for fixed durations of treatment and release, the model generates distinct trajectories for different drug concentrations. Below is an illustration of the key cellular transitions considered in the model. Susceptible, purple, and persister, green, cells can either proliferate, die, or transition to the other phenotype. On the left, labeled treatment phase, cell death is shown as a purple and a green cell changing to gray, while persistence transition is shown as a purple cell changing to green. On the right, labeled release phase, cell growth is shown as one cell turning into two, while switch-back transition shows a green cell changing to purple.