Being a country with a large population has absolutely nothing to do with having a quality national team. As a matter of fact, I believe it does the opposite. The larger a country is, the more difficult it is to have a singular identity and culture.
It's the same with soccer clubs in the US. A small club can keep everyone on the same page and have a culture. The larger that club gets the more difficult it becomes to keep everyone moving in the same direction with the same set of ideals.
Here's the most populated countries in the World. Only Brazil truly fits that mold.