CC @drakefjustin Basically, to remove the 32 ETH minimum (eg. reduce it to 1 ETH) we would have to be able to handle >1-10m validators in the network (depending on how much ETH is staked). From a raw bandwidth perspective, this *is* theoretically feasible, because you can get the bandwidth overhead of recursive SNARK aggregation down all the way to 1 bit per participant per slot O(1) overhead. But in practice, that requires conservative parameter choices that increase latency: basically, do perhaps 4 rounds of aggregation instead of 2. This will not affect slot time (as available chain is a separate mechanism). But it will affect finality time (eg. maybe instead of 8-16 second finality we would have 16-32 second finality). So that's the tradeoff that the ecosystem would have to accept.

Binohash: Transaction Introspection Without Softforks A first transaction has been mined demonstrating a limited form of covenants using only existing Bitcoin script functions. This development potentially eliminates the need for a Bitcoin light client in BitVM bridges, simplifying the construction and improving security. We hope this development furthers research on the possibility of creating introspection and covenants-style functionality on Bitcoin without the need for softforks, and advances discussions on the usability of covenants in Bitcoin and the use-cases they enable. Many thanks to everyone at @idealgroup, as well as @PortlandHODL and the Slipstream team at @MARA for patching their nodes to mine these wacky transactions. Full paper in the comments 👇