Which electrolyte abnormality is associated with muscle cramps? A. Hypernatremia B. Hypokalemia C. Hypercalcemia D. Hypermagnesemia

Normal chest x-ray with structural identification

What is your diagnosis here?

Where is this intracranial hemorrhage located? A. Epidural B. Subdural C. Subarachnoid D. Intraparenchymal

Quick ECG Clues Every Clinician Should Know

Which drug is the most likely cause of this clinical sign? A) Spironolactone B) Eplerenone C) Furosemide D) Thiazide

Schematic of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve. The bicuspid valve is typically made of 2 unequal-sized leaflets. The larger leaflet has a central raphe or ridge that results from fusion of the commissures, and these fused commissures are susceptible to disruption as occurs with balloon valvuloplasty.

This nail finding may be the first clue to an underlying: - Cardiac disease - Pulmonary disease - Infectious disease - Malignancy What is the finding called? 👇

This cardiac MRI shows a left atrium with a volume of ~2.2 liters. For comparison: 🟢 Normal LA volume ≈ 22–58 mL 🔴 This LA ≈ 2200 mL That's roughly 40–100× larger than normal. A normal left atrium holds only a few tablespoons of blood. This one holds nearly the volume of a large soft drink bottle. x.com/HeartToProve/status/14…

In Spain, where waiting times for transplantation may be only a few weeks in patients with a favourable blood group and immunological genetic profile, many nephrology departments place these catheters not while waiting for a fistula — which has haemodynamic consequences — but while waiting for the transplant itself.

The Frank–Starling law, described by Otto Frank and Ernest Starling, explains how the heart adjusts its output. It states that: "as more blood fills the ventricles (↑ preload), the heart pumps more forcefully, increasing stroke volume " In the graph: 🔵 Normal curve: Stroke volume increases with preload, then levels off. 🟢 Improved function: With better contractility or lower afterload, the heart pumps more efficiently. 🔴 Poor function: In heart failure (↓ contractility or ↑ afterload), stroke volume increases slightly, then drops ("falling off"). 🔵 Giving fluids only helps in the preload-dependent zone. Beyond that, it may worsen function. 🔵 The lowest curve shows cardiogenic shock, where extra preload barely helps. Clinical use: Helps guide fluid therapy and avoid overload in heart failure.

Which of the following is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest? A. Hyperthyroidism B. Hypovolemia C. Hypertension D. Hyperlipidemia

What could make fingers slowly turn black in a long-term smoker?

Updated (𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟯) 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐃𝐮𝐤𝐞 𝐂𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚 for 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬 (IE)

Standardized views for imaging the left coronary artery.

Easy Hematoma Classification After Transradial PCI

Possible rhythms in Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Schematic representation of possible rhythms in a patient with an accessory atrioventricular (AV) bypass tract. A. During sinus rhythm, the ventricle may be activated by conduction over the accessory pathway (AP) and through the normal AV conduction system. The QRS complex may be narrow if ventricular activation occurs primarily via the AV node, or wide and preexcited if activation occurs mainly through the AP. B. During orthodromic reentrant tachycardia, antegrade conduction occurs through the AV node and normal conduction system, while retrograde conduction occurs via the AP. The resulting tachycardia shows a narrow QRS complex. C. In antidromic tachycardia, the AP serves as the antegrade limb of the reentrant circuit, and the AV node with the normal conduction system serves as the retrograde limb. The resulting tachycardia shows a wide QRS complex. D. When atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in a patient with a manifest accessory pathway, antegrade conduction to the ventricle may occur through either the AV node or the AP. The QRS morphology may be narrow when conduction is primarily via the AV node, or wide and preexcited when conduction occurs through the AP. The QRS morphology may vary from beat to beat during AF. @TrackYourHeart Source: Morton’s Cardiac Catheterization Handbook( pge 314

B. Thiamine Description: The triad of confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia is classic for Wernicke encephalopathy, which results from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, most often seen in malnutrition or chronic alcohol use.

Echocardiographic assessment of the right atrium. Image courtesy of: BE bulwer, MD

B) Bronchial rupture. The fallen lung sign is a highly specific radiographic finding for a complete bronchial tear or rupture. When the mainstem bronchus is completely disrupted, the lung detaches from its central anchor and falls inferiorly and laterally to the base of the hemithorax, hanging only by its vascular attachments. This is in contrast to a standard pneumothorax, where the lung typically collapses centrally towards the hilum.