Just outside downtown Vancouver, the Squamish Nation is building one of the most remarkable housing projects in the world: Senakw, which will eventually house 9,000 people. Because it's on First Nations reserve land, Senakw is being built without zoning rules, height limits, parking minimums, or extended public consultations. The only thing they kept was Vancouver's safety standards.
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- The project singlehandedly accounts for 7% of the entire city's new housing between now and 2033.
- It's expected to generate around C$10 billion in total income, equivalent to more than two million dollars per member of the Squamish Nation.
- The Squamish people approved the project in two referendums that passed with landslide support.
Apart from just being really cool, Senakw shows two things that have wider relevance for getting things built.
The first is that microdemocracy can deliver support for development if the decisionmakers will benefit from it. This is one example of many that devolving decisions *down* can work at least as well as moving them *up* to higher levels of government.
The second is that microdemocracy can bring wider legitimacy. Vancouver's city government *could* have blocked Senakw if it had tried – it is notoriously sceptical of projects like this. The fact that it actually supported the project may show that local self-government can deliver upzoning that has the consent of the wider community, without the need for 'stakeholder consultations'. The fact that the Squamish are a First Nations group does complicate this, though.
The story of how Senakw got built is pretty incredible, since much of the Squamish people's 20th Century was spent fighting to get land back that had been confiscated from them illegally in 1913. It was thanks to one Squamish elder (the "Keeper of the Names") and Catholic church records that their property was restored to them.
Read the story of Senakw now at Works in Progress, and in our new print issue, arriving at subscribers' doors this week.