ALT A graph showing the performance landscape of the learning agent across environmental stochasticity, ε, on the x axis and delta final mean, MBA-BA, on the y axis. On the right is a color scale bar labeled cost multiplier, with lower values in blue, medium in green, and high in yellow. The size of the marker indicates the learning rate, with smaller rates as smaller circles and larger rates as larger circles. A red dashed line marks ∆ = 0, the point where fixed strategies outperform.

ALT Two horizontally oriented graphs, one on top of the other, depict a population’s stress response over time to rare (top) and prevalent (bottom) stresses based on different mechanisms. Red, yellow, and dark blue balloon-like shapes with different variations of yellow and blue spirals inside of them fill the leftmost section of both graphs, and a line graph above them shows that the stress response is close to zero there. In the top graph, these shapes reduce in number with time (towards the right) but maintain a similar proportion of the three colors. In the bottom graph, the shapes reduce in number and only contain red colors.