ALT Tomographic data shows differences in two layers (blue = plated lithium, black = underlithiated graphite) at “Start of rest” and “End of rest.” The layers appear depleted at “End of Rest.”

ALT Left inset: Three examples of soil samples chemically mapped for iron, carbon, and calcium. Right inset: X-ray absorption spectra for various forms of carbon. Background: Photo of typical coastal grasslands at Point Reyes, California (credit: Marilyn Saarni).

ALT Smiling woman with sunny hillside in background.

ALT On the left is a cross-sectional drawing of a pair of kidneys connected to an infected bladder (indicated by bacteria drawn inside). An expanded callout from the right kidney depicts a series of events leading to the formation of a matrix stone, labeled as follows: Microbial infection, Immune response, Organic network, Mineral deposition, and Matrix stone formation.

ALT Four circular graphics showing how a polymer assembly transforms as temperature changes, from a core-shell structure (left) to a spherical micelle (right).

ALT A 3D tomographic reconstruction of lithium-related battery components, captured during discharging (left half) and charging (right half). The image has been semantically segmented to highlight features such as dendrites (red), pits (green), and deposited/redeposited lithium (light/dark blue).

ALT Scanning electron microscope image of six-element single crystals.