The U.S. textile industry is among the most consequential and least commemorated chapters in our nation's industrial history.
America's first successful water-powered textile mill opened in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1790, built on the machinery knowledge Samuel Slater brought from England.
In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin while living on a plantation near Savannah, and the industry's center of gravity began its long migration south.
The movement of knowledge, capital, and architecture from established industrial centers (particularly New England) into the Piedmont region during the late 19th and early 20th centuries transformed the area from a largely agricultural landscape into a dominant industrial powerhouse, particularly in textiles.
By the mid-19th century, Augusta was marketed as “the Lowell of the South," its mills and canals explicitly modeled on the water-powered factories of Massachusetts, while North and South Carolina built their own dense mill towns in parallel.
It was an era of extremes that saw both the introduction of electrification and the development of ‘mill villages," where factory workers—many of them women and children—worked nearly 12-hour days in the mills, fueling years of labor unrest.
Atlanta sat inside that emerging mill belt. The Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills grew from a post–Civil War bag-making operation into one of the city's largest industrial employers. By 1900, ninety-eight textile mills were operating across Georgia alone.
For more than two centuries, this sector employed millions of working families, supplied textiles and uniforms in multiple major American conflicts, and demonstrated what sovereign domestic industrial capacity can mean to a country in crisis.
Since its peak around 1979, the U.S. textile and apparel sector has lost more than 80 percent of its manufacturing jobs, falling from well over two million positions to roughly 270,000 today.
At Anatar, we believe that history must be documented, understood, and honored.
ThreadingAmerica.com — coming soon.