Woman of the Day Ruth Cowan Nash, born in OTD 1901 in Salt Lake City, one of the first two American female war correspondents. She was embedded with the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps and reported on major battles during WW2. In peacetime, she covered murders and gangster activities in Chicago.
Ruth didn’t have a birth certificate which was a bit of a problem when she later applied for a passport. Her father had died when she was ten and her mother, after relocating to Texas, went travelling in search of work. 13 year old Ruth stayed put, attending high school and doing odd jobs. Elva Cunningham, president of the San Antonio PTA, gave her a home and the Cunninghams became her second family.
She taught for a while after graduation — in the 1920s, 80% of teachers in Texas were women — but Ruth wanted more.
“When one is young and has dreams in one’s eyes, one of the biggest is apt to be a desire to set the world on fire.”
She did a spell as a part-time film critic “in order to afford coffee” and became a full-time journalist but knowing that sex discrimination would rear its head over and over (“A woman reporter is fine for the feminine angle, but it takes a man for the news”) she wrote as “R. Baldwin Cowan” and it brought in writing commissions from any editors who had never met her. United Press was happy with her reports but once it realised she was a woman, it fired her, so she wrote to the head of Associated Press:
“Dear Mr. Cooper, first, I am a girl. Sight unseen I pass for a man. But notwithstanding my femininity, I need a job, want one with the AP and can hold it. I never wrote a weather story that wasn’t rewritten. I snore at women’s luncheons but I have no objection to exploiting the ‘woman’s angle’ in any field. But I like murders, politics, gang-wars and whatnot with plenty of action. Never sat through a baseball game in my life…Am afflicted with ambitions. Want plenty of opportunity to train for big assignments and eventually want foreign service.”
Kent Cooper hired her. In fact, he hired at least seven women — his critics sneered that it was “an invasion of women” critics sneered — and placed Ruth on general assignment in Chicago covering “murders, gangsters, and of course, ‘the women’s angle.’” She started work on 11 April 1929, soon after the Valentine’s Day Massacre.
“Somebody at the AP thought it may be smart to find out just exactly how much this newcomer could take. They shipped me down with several other reporters to this inquest…One thing that I do remember is the smell of formaldehyde. I didn’t like that and I never have liked that. It was the first time that I’ve seen that you could take a body, put it in formaldehyde in a drawer, stuff it on a shelf, and deep freeze it. They reached over and pulled one of the bodies out…I went back and wrote about it. They said, ‘She did all right. She didn’t faint at all. Nor did she get sick.’”
In 1942, Ruth and columnist Inez Robb were the first two women officially granted credentials by the American government to cover WW2. Unusually for a journalist, Ruth was required to wear the same uniform as the WAC women and to comply with all the regulations of a member of the Armed Forces. She made it work for her: the helmet was useful for mixing her hair dye. Well, there was no rule against that.
On her first posting to Algiers, the AP editor greeted her by telling her no woman could stay there and she was convinced that he deliberately placed her on an assignment he knew was going to be bombed.
The icy welcome was compounded by her male colleague who wrote “Women war correspondents would be wonderful if they just weren’t women. Many of them are braver in the field than men reporters, many are better writers, but sooner or later they show that underneath their correspondent’s patch lurks ‘womanhood.’ And ‘womanhood’ has no place in an active war zone.”
The Army did its bit too, portraying women as a threat to men, morally unfit, or too weak to fight. There were complaints about the “burden” of separate toilets for them. Ruth said, “Latrines are an alibi. It is just a way to keep women including their own women away from war zones.” However, General George Patton proved to be an unexpected ally. He asked her what the first rule of war was. She said, “Kill him before he kills you.” He said, "She stays."
Ruth covered the war from 1943 to 1945 without a break, reporting directly from the Battle of the Bulge and from Paris when it was liberated.
In those days, if the marriage bar or pregnancy didn’t cut short a woman’s career and send her back into the kitchen, a new way had to be found.
In 1956, she was forced to retire from AP on her 55th birthday. Policy, you know, a policy that applied only to women: men’s compulsory retirement age was 65. But for that, she would have carried on.
Ruth died in 1991, aged 93.
“I didn’t regard myself as a woman and therefore should be limited in what I could think and what I could do and what I wanted to do. And I think that’s a mistake so many gals make; they feel, ‘Well, I’m a woman, and they push me around.’ They don’t push you around any such thing; you push them back and go do your job, and you’ll get on the front page. And that was the thing to do.”