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Data For India @dataforin

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Joined January 2023
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The issue of judicial pendency - the mounting number of cases pending before courts that are yet to be finally decided or 'disposed of' - has become an area of concern in India. At the end of 2025, there were 54 million cases pending across the three levels of the Indian judiciary: district and subordinate courts, High Courts, and the Supreme Court. The backlog is particularly large at the level of district and subordinate courts, the first rung of the judicial system in the country, which accounted for nearly 48 million of these pending cases. Not only is the issue of pendency in the lower courts large, but also growing. Between 2018 and 2025, the number of new cases filed in district and subordinate courts outstripped the number disposed of by the courts in most years. A large part of this increase occurred between the end of 2019 and the end of 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, when courts were unable to function effectively. Rising pendency means longer delays for litigants and has therefore been a major cause of concern for the judiciary and governments. #Pendency #Judiciary #Law #India #DataForIndia
Title: More cases are filed than disposed of at the district and subordinate courts level in India Sub-title: New and disposed of cases for district and subordinate courts, over time Explanation: A line chart shows that from 2018 to 2025, the number of cases instituted is consistently higher than the number of cases disposed of (yellow). Both series fall sharply in 2020 (due to thew COVID-19 pandemic), then rise steeply from 2021 onward, reaching roughly 26 million instituted versus 25 million disposed of by 2025. Source: National Judicial Data Grid Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: More cases are filed than disposed of at the district and subordinate courts level in India Sub-title: New and disposed of cases for district and subordinate courts, over time Explanation: A line chart shows that from 2018 to 2025, the number of cases instituted is consistently higher than the number of cases disposed of (yellow). Both series fall sharply in 2020 (due to thew COVID-19 pandemic), then rise steeply from 2021 onward, reaching roughly 26 million instituted versus 25 million disposed of by 2025. Source: National Judicial Data Grid Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

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What is the state of pendency across other levels of the judiciary in India, and how have these trends evolved over time? Read Ameya Bokil’s piece to find out: dataforindia.com/pendency/?u…

Judicial pendency in India

There are 54 million cases pending before India's judiciary, and every year more cases are filed than disposed of. We look at what types of cases are awaiting disposal, where most are pending, and...

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Jun 9
Rainfall shapes nearly every dimension of India's economy, ecology and food systems. Rain-fed agriculture occupies over half of India's cultivated land, making the timing and distribution of rainfall critical for agricultural production, rural livelihoods and national food security. Unlike India's temperature trends, where we see a clear increase in average temperatures over time, the total annual rainfall across India has remained broadly stable since the early twentieth century. On average, India receives between 1,000 and 1,300 mm of rainfall over the course of a year based on the all-India long-term average calculated over the period of 1901-2024. Over the past century, there have been considerable year-to-year fluctuations, but the cumulative annual rainfall has remained broadly stable, showing only a weak and statistically insignificant decline. Rainfall data in India comes from observational records maintained by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). These datasets combine observations from thousands of rain gauges across India and extend back to 1901. Despite this stability, rainfall is becoming more concentrated and erratic in several regions. How often has India’s annual rainfall diverged from long-term “normal” levels? Read Juhi Chatterjee’s analysis to find out: dataforindia.com/long-term-r… #Rainfall #Rain #Climate #India #DataForIndia
Title: Total annual rainfall across India has remained stable across the century but seen considerable fluctuations Sub-title: Cumulative annual rainfall in India, 1901–2024 Explanation: A line chart shows annual rainfall fluctuating sharply each year but without a clear long‑term rise or fall. Most years sit roughly between 1,000 and 1,300 mm, with occasional extreme wet years approaching ~1,500 mm and dry years dipping to around ~900–1,000 mm, including a notable low in the late 1960s and another around 2000. Source: India Meteorological Department Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: Total annual rainfall across India has remained stable across the century but seen considerable fluctuations Sub-title: Cumulative annual rainfall in India, 1901–2024 Explanation: A line chart shows annual rainfall fluctuating sharply each year but without a clear long‑term rise or fall. Most years sit roughly between 1,000 and 1,300 mm, with occasional extreme wet years approaching ~1,500 mm and dry years dipping to around ~900–1,000 mm, including a notable low in the late 1960s and another around 2000. Source: India Meteorological Department Attribution: Data For India | CC BY
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Education levels in India have improved consistently over time. The relative share of those who are illiterate has declined sharply over the years, while the share of those who go on to get a higher education has risen. However, the nature of improvement in educational attainment for women has been different from that of men in India. Illiteracy rates have fallen for both women and men, but gender differences persist. Decades of progress still separate women and men; illiteracy rates among women in 2020 were nearly equal to what they were for Indian men in the 1980s. At the higher education level, one in ten women had attained a higher education as of 2020, equivalent to the progress made by men by the late 2000s. But the data shows that these gaps might close in the future. Among younger Indians in their twenties, the education levels are comparable among men and women. #Education #Literacy #HigherEducation #School #College #India #DataForIndia
Title: Education levels for women in India are comparable to… Sub-title: Share of education levels attainment by gender, over time Explanation: The share of women who are illiterate falls steadily from a clear majority in 1987 to ~40% by 2020. The shares with primary and secondary education rise over time, especially after the 2000s. Higher education grows from a very small share to around one in ten by 2020. Source: National Sample Survey, National Statistics Office Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: Education levels for women in India are comparable to… Sub-title: Share of education levels attainment by gender, over time Explanation: The share of women who are illiterate falls steadily from a clear majority in 1987 to ~40% by 2020. The shares with primary and secondary education rise over time, especially after the 2000s. Higher education grows from a very small share to around one in ten by 2020. Source: National Sample Survey, National Statistics Office Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: …education levels for men in India a few decades ago Sub-title: Share of education levels attainment by gender, over time Explanation: Men’s illiteracy share declines from ~40% in 1987 to ~20% by 2020. Secondary education expands over time. Higher education grows gradually, reaching the low tens by 2020. Source: National Sample Survey, National Statistics Office Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: …education levels for men in India a few decades ago Sub-title: Share of education levels attainment by gender, over time Explanation: Men’s illiteracy share declines from ~40% in 1987 to ~20% by 2020. Secondary education expands over time. Higher education grows gradually, reaching the low tens by 2020. Source: National Sample Survey, National Statistics Office Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

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Read @akwaghmare 's piece to learn more about the education levels across various socio-economic groups in India: dataforindia.com/education-l…

Education levels in India

Over time, the share of the population that is illiterate has declined sharply. But few Indians go on to get a higher education.

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Jun 4
Introducing The Roundup - Data For India’s new monthly newsletter! Over the last couple of years, we’ve published dozens of in-depth analyses, built hundreds of new charts and built features to make our work easy to discover, share and reuse. But if you’re not checking the platform regularly, it might be easy to miss what’s new. The Roundup is our way of keeping you in the loop, a simple monthly note that brings together: 📝 The latest work we’ve published 🖥️ New platform features and updates 📊 One chart that our team thought you shouldn't miss Issue #1 is out now; every new issue will land in your inbox on the last Friday of every month. Read the first issue and subscribe here: dataforindia.com/the-roundup…
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India's female labour force participation rate (LFPR) - the share of women who are either working or seeking work - is growing, but low by global standards. Historically, a majority of adult Indian women reported that they were attending to household duties and were not available for paid work. However, recent trends show an increase in female LFPR, particularly among rural Indian women. In 2018, about one in four women in rural India reported being in the labour force; by 2024, this number had climbed to nearly half of all rural women. Workers are classified by the time spent on work in a particular area as "principal workers" (persons who worked in one activity for a relatively long part of the last 365 days), "subsidiary workers" (persons who worked for more than 30 days but less than six months on a particular activity), and "both principal and subsidiary workers" (those who worked for most of the year on one activity, and for a small part of the year on another activity). Most Indian workers are only principal workers, meaning that they work on one activity for most of the year, and this category has steadily grown for both men and women. However, a large part of the recent rise in workers among women, particularly in rural areas, was in subsidiary, or part-time, work. #Work #Women #Employment #LFPR #India #DataForIndia
Title: Women in rural India have seen a significant rise in subsidiary work Sub-title: Female principal and subsidiary workers in India, over time Explanation: Stacked bars comparing rural vs urban women workers in 1994, 2012 and 2024, split into principal workers, subsidiary workers, and those who did both. Rural women workers rose from about 105 million (1994) to 154 million (2024), with subsidiary workers increasing from 30 million to 47 million. Urban women workers rose from about 18 million (1994) to 50 million (2024), with most being principal workers and a small subsidiary segment (7 million in 2024). Source: Employment and Unemployment Surveys; Periodic Labour Force Survey (National Statistical Office); Census of India; Population Projections (Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: Women in rural India have seen a significant rise in subsidiary work Sub-title: Female principal and subsidiary workers in India, over time Explanation: Stacked bars comparing rural vs urban women workers in 1994, 2012 and 2024, split into principal workers, subsidiary workers, and those who did both. Rural women workers rose from about 105 million (1994) to 154 million (2024), with subsidiary workers increasing from 30 million to 47 million. Urban women workers rose from about 18 million (1994) to 50 million (2024), with most being principal workers and a small subsidiary segment (7 million in 2024). Source: Employment and Unemployment Surveys; Periodic Labour Force Survey (National Statistical Office); Census of India; Population Projections (Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

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What does employment look like for Indian women across different sectors? Read @akwaghmare's piece to find out: dataforindia.com/female-lfpr…

Why has female labour force participation in India changed?

After being low by global standards for decades, and falling further since the mid 2000s, the share of Indian women who are in the labour force has increased. We examine the parts of the workforce...

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May 29
The availability of healthcare workers is a key measure of the effective functioning of a country's health system. It reflects not just access to care, but also the capacity of the system to support its population. India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) records about 5.7 million healthcare professionals in India. This includes registered doctors, registered nurses and midwives, and registered AYUSH practitioners. India's healthcare system also trains, recognises and employs AYUSH doctors, who are formally trained in traditional systems of medicine including ayurveda, unani, siddha, naturopathy, sowa rigpa (traditional medical system practised in the Himalayan region), and homeopathy. Nurses include not just registered nurses, but also Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) and Lady Health Visitors (LHVs). This amounts to about 41 registered healthcare professionals for every 10,000 people in India, including doctors, nurses and midwives. This is close to the World Health Organization's (WHO) suggested threshold of 44.5 per 10,000 people needed to meet healthcare-related sustainable development goals. More than half of these professionals are nurses and midwives. For every ten doctors, there are roughly 17 nurses and midwives. The number of nurses has grown faster than the number of doctors, almost doubling between 2012 and 2023. However, despite nearing the benchmark, the distribution of health professionals remains uneven across states and between urban and rural areas. How does the distribution of registered healthcare professionals look in different regions across India? Read @nileena_suresh's analysis to find out: dataforindia.com/health-work… #Health #Doctor #Nurse #PublicHealth #India #DataForIndia
Title: More than half of all healthcare professionals in India are nurses and midwives Sub-title: Registered healthcare professionals in India (2023) Explanation: Treemap showing that nurses and midwives make up more than half of registered healthcare professionals. Largest block is “Registered nurses and midwives” (2.56 million). Another large block is “Auxiliary Nurse Midwives” (1 million). Doctors include “Allopathic doctors” (1.35 million) and smaller AYUSH categories such as “Ayurveda” (379,945) and “Homeopathy” (312,580). Source: National Health Profile; Central Bureau of Health Intelligence Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: More than half of all healthcare professionals in India are nurses and midwives Sub-title: Registered healthcare professionals in India (2023) Explanation: Treemap showing that nurses and midwives make up more than half of registered healthcare professionals. Largest block is “Registered nurses and midwives” (2.56 million). Another large block is “Auxiliary Nurse Midwives” (1 million). Doctors include “Allopathic doctors” (1.35 million) and smaller AYUSH categories such as “Ayurveda” (379,945) and “Homeopathy” (312,580). Source: National Health Profile; Central Bureau of Health Intelligence Attribution: Data For India | CC BY
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May 26
India is witnessing an exponential growth in digital payments, propelled by rising mobile phone and internet access. Aside from cash, more than 95% of the money spent every day on major retail payments was made using cheques just two decades ago. However, since the introduction of the National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) in 2005-06, and later with the rise of Unified Payments Interface (UPI), digital retail payments have come to dominate, according to statistics maintained by the Reserve Bank of India. In the last five years, the use of UPI has in particular grown dramatically. The average daily number of UPI transactions grew from 40 million per day in 2019 to 550 million per day in 2025, outstripping all other modes of digital payments. The largest daily transactions by value, on the other hand, take place via NEFT, despite being much fewer in number. From 2020 to January 2025, the average daily transaction value on NEFT doubled from Rs 600 billion to Rs 1.2 trillion. UPI is mainly used for small peer-to-peer and peer-to-merchant payments, while NEFT is used for transactions with a larger ticket size. The average value of a UPI transaction is around Rs 1,500, and for an NEFT transaction is a little under Rs 50,000. Has this progress in retail digital payments led to equitable access to financial services across India? Read @akwaghmare 's piece to find out: dataforindia.com/retail-paym… #Payments #Banking #Finance #India #DataForIndia
Title: Most digital transactions in India happen through UPI... Sub-title: Growth in daily transactions through retail digital payment modes, over time Explanation: UPI has become India's dominant retail digital payment mode by volume, with daily transactions climbing from around 40 million in 2019 to roughly 550 million in 2025, far outpacing NEFT, IMPS, credit cards, and debit cards, which have stayed comparatively flat. Source: Database on Indian Economy, Reserve Bank of India. Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: Most digital transactions in India happen through UPI... Sub-title: Growth in daily transactions through retail digital payment modes, over time Explanation: UPI has become India's dominant retail digital payment mode by volume, with daily transactions climbing from around 40 million in 2019 to roughly 550 million in 2025, far outpacing NEFT, IMPS, credit cards, and debit cards, which have stayed comparatively flat. Source: Database on Indian Economy, Reserve Bank of India. Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: ... but the highest value transactions in India are still via NEFT Sub-title: Growth in daily transactions through retail digital payment modes, over time Explanation: By value, NEFT remains India's largest retail digital payment rail, with average daily transaction value roughly doubling from Rs 600 billion in 2020 to about Rs 1.2 trillion in 2025. UPI is catching up at around Rs 800 billion per day, while IMPS, credit cards, and debit cards trail well behind. Source: Database on Indian Economy, Reserve Bank of India. Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: ... but the highest value transactions in India are still via NEFT Sub-title: Growth in daily transactions through retail digital payment modes, over time Explanation: By value, NEFT remains India's largest retail digital payment rail, with average daily transaction value roughly doubling from Rs 600 billion in 2020 to about Rs 1.2 trillion in 2025. UPI is catching up at around Rs 800 billion per day, while IMPS, credit cards, and debit cards trail well behind. Source: Database on Indian Economy, Reserve Bank of India. Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

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May 22
Indian households use a range of cooking fuels, including Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), natural gas (primarily Piped Natural Gas or PNG), firewood, other natural sources (primarily dung cake), and electricity. Some households also report having no cooking arrangement. The use of LPG as cooking fuel across Indian households has grown steadily over time. In 2000, fewer than 20% of households used LPG, with the majority reliant on firewood. By the late 2010s, the share using LPG had overtaken the share using firewood, and it continues to grow. As of 2024, six in ten Indian households use LPG as their primary cooking fuel. A third of Indian households still rely on firewood. Firewood use is concentrated in rural households. In urban areas, more than four in five households now use LPG. The share using natural gas, including PNG, remains small and geographically concentrated. This data comes from India’s Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, which asks the head of the household about its primary energy source for cooking in the 30 days preceding the survey. How does LPG usage vary across different regions in India? Read @Rukmini’s analysis to find out: dataforindia.com/cooking-fue… #LPG #Fuel #Cooking #India #DataForIndia
Title: Six in ten Indian households use LPG as their primary source of fuel for cooking Sub-title: Fuel used for household cooking, by region (2024) Explanation: In urban India, 84% of households use LPG for cooking. In rural India, LPG use (48%) is nearly matched by firewood (47%), with a small share relying on other natural sources such as dung cake. Source: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, National Statistics Office Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: Six in ten Indian households use LPG as their primary source of fuel for cooking Sub-title: Fuel used for household cooking, by region (2024) Explanation: In urban India, 84% of households use LPG for cooking. In rural India, LPG use (48%) is nearly matched by firewood (47%), with a small share relying on other natural sources such as dung cake. Source: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, National Statistics Office Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

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May 19
One of the most important measures of a country's nutritional and public health status is whether its children are adequately nourished. The most closely tracked indicator on child nutrition outcomes is stunting. A child is considered stunted if their height is more than two standard deviations lower than the median for children of the same age and gender, using World Health Organization growth standards. In 1993, more than one in two children under the age of five in India was stunted. By 2022, this rate dropped to one in three, indicating a decline in stunting over time. Even then, the levels of child stunting in India remain high and are comparable to those seen in Sub-Saharan African nations with much lower per capita incomes. Stunting affects 30% of urban children, while the rate is higher in rural areas at 37%. Across both sectors, children from the richest households are about half as likely to be stunted compared to those from the poorest households. These persistently high rates of stunting in India despite economic growth have led to some debate around the WHO's international growth standards. However, research suggests that the high rates of stunting in India reflect a combination of multiple underlying factors, rather than just issues with the standards themselves. How does stunting affect children from different regions across India? Read @nileena_suresh's analysis to find out: dataforindia.com/child-stunt… #Health #PublicHealth #Child #Stunting #India #DataForIndia
Title: Children in the poorest households are more likely to be stunted across both urban and rural India. Sub-title: Prevalence of stunting among children across wealth groups (2021). Explanation: In both urban and rural India, stunting falls steadily as household wealth rises. Children in the poorest urban households are stunted at 40%, nearly twice the rate of those in the richest urban households at 21%. Rural rates are higher across every wealth group, ranging from 47% in the poorest households to 25% in the richest. Source: National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-21), IIPS. Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: Children in the poorest households are more likely to be stunted across both urban and rural India. Sub-title: Prevalence of stunting among children across wealth groups (2021). Explanation: In both urban and rural India, stunting falls steadily as household wealth rises. Children in the poorest urban households are stunted at 40%, nearly twice the rate of those in the richest urban households at 21%. Rural rates are higher across every wealth group, ranging from 47% in the poorest households to 25% in the richest. Source: National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-21), IIPS. Attribution: Data For India | CC BY
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May 15
Access to safe, usable toilet facilities is a critical component of public health and safety. India has long struggled with very low levels of sanitation, significantly worse than many comparable countries. In 2000, only 14% of India’s population had access to at least a basic sanitation facility, placing it behind much poorer countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Somalia. When people do not have access to a safe and usable toilet, they are forced to defecate in the open. However, over the next two decades, India made consistent progress in improving access to sanitation. By 2022, India had surpassed countries that were at a similar level in 2000, or were ahead at the time. Basic sanitation facilities are defined as improved sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households. These include flush/pour-flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines; ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs. This categorisation is based on WHO and UNICEF's definition. What kind of toilet facilities do Indian households have access to? Read @nileena_suresh's piece to find out: dataforindia.com/sanitation/… #Toilets #Sanitation #WASH #India #DataForIndia
Title: India’s sanitation levels have improved rapidly over the past two decades Sub-title: Share of population using at least basic sanitation services, over time Explanation: In 2000, just over 10% of Indians had access to basic sanitation — lower than Somalia. By 2022, that share had climbed to nearly 80%, overtaking Bangladesh and closing in on the world average. Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: India’s sanitation levels have improved rapidly over the past two decades Sub-title: Share of population using at least basic sanitation services, over time Explanation: In 2000, just over 10% of Indians had access to basic sanitation — lower than Somalia. By 2022, that share had climbed to nearly 80%, overtaking Bangladesh and closing in on the world average. Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

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May 12
Higher education is seen as a key to getting young Indians into skilled, high-paying jobs and accelerating economic growth. Just under 40 million young people (aged 18-23) were enrolled in higher education programmes in India as of 2022. This included both undergraduate (or equivalent) and postgraduate (or equivalent) levels of study. However, at 32%, enrolment in tertiary or higher education in India is still below the world average. In the early 1990s, India’s higher education enrolment rates were similar to China’s, for instance. But in the two decades since, China has made big strides: more than seven in ten young Chinese adults are now in higher education, compared to three in ten young Indian adults. How does higher education enrolment look across states, and what disciplines do students choose to study in India? Read @akwaghmare’s piece to find out: dataforindia.com/higher-educ… #College #Undergraduate #Education #HigherEducation #India #DataForIndia
Title: Only one in three young persons in India is enrolled in college Sub-title: Enrolment in higher education, over time Explanation: At 32%, higher education enrolment in India trails the world average (around 42%) and is less than half of China's (over 70%). In the early 1990s, India and China had comparable enrolment rates; China has since pulled far ahead. Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: Only one in three young persons in India is enrolled in college Sub-title: Enrolment in higher education, over time Explanation: At 32%, higher education enrolment in India trails the world average (around 42%) and is less than half of China's (over 70%). In the early 1990s, India and China had comparable enrolment rates; China has since pulled far ahead. Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank Attribution: Data For India | CC BY
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May 8
The rate of murder, or ‘intentional homicide’, is widely used as an indicator of public safety in a city or country. India recorded nearly 37,500 incidents of intentional homicides in 2023. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) considers statistics put out by India's National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) under three offences to calculate intentional homicides in India. First, culpable homicide, that is murder (punishable under Sec. 103 under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita or previously, Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code). Four in five intentional homicides in India are murders. Second, dowry deaths (defined and punishable under Section 80 of BNS or previously, Section 304B of IPC), accounting for nearly one in six intentional homicides. The remaining are culpable homicides not amounting to murder (punishable under Sec. 105 under BNS or previously, Section 304 of IPC), an offence that is considered less serious than murder. One example of this would be a sudden fight between two people where one of them kills the other only in the heat of the moment, without any premeditation to cause the death. How has the incidence of intentional homicide changed over time in India? Read Ameya Bokil’s piece to find out: dataforindia.com/homicide/?u… #Murder #Homicide #Law #India #DataForIndia
Title: Reported intentional homicide in India is largely made up of murder cases Sub-title: Incidence of intentional homicide in India (2023) Explanation: Treemap showing the composition of reported intentional homicides in India in 2023. Murder accounts for the vast majority (27,721 cases), followed by dowry deaths (6,156) and culpable homicide not amounting to murder (3,577). Source: Crime in India Report (2023), National Crime Records Bureau Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: Reported intentional homicide in India is largely made up of murder cases Sub-title: Incidence of intentional homicide in India (2023) Explanation: Treemap showing the composition of reported intentional homicides in India in 2023. Murder accounts for the vast majority (27,721 cases), followed by dowry deaths (6,156) and culpable homicide not amounting to murder (3,577). Source: Crime in India Report (2023), National Crime Records Bureau Attribution: Data For India | CC BY
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🧵 India is a relatively young country. Half of India's population is under the age of 30, making it a far younger country than its European, North American and East Asian counterparts. #Population #Census #Demographics #India #DataForIndia
Title: Working-age population is stagnating or shrinking in southern Indian states Sub-title: Projections (2011–2036) show Uttar Pradesh and Bihar growing, while Tamil Nadu and Kerala flatten Explanation: The chart tracks the working-age population (ages 15–59) from 2011 to 2036. Uttar Pradesh rises steadily (roughly ~110 million to ~170 million) and Bihar also increases (about ~55 million to ~90 million). In contrast, Tamil Nadu stays almost flat around ~50 million and Kerala remains nearly flat around ~20 million, indicating stagnation in the southern states compared with continued growth in the north. Source: Population projections, 2011–2036, Registrar General of India (projected from 2011 Census) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

ALT Title: Working-age population is stagnating or shrinking in southern Indian states Sub-title: Projections (2011–2036) show Uttar Pradesh and Bihar growing, while Tamil Nadu and Kerala flatten Explanation: The chart tracks the working-age population (ages 15–59) from 2011 to 2036. Uttar Pradesh rises steadily (roughly ~110 million to ~170 million) and Bihar also increases (about ~55 million to ~90 million). In contrast, Tamil Nadu stays almost flat around ~50 million and Kerala remains nearly flat around ~20 million, indicating stagnation in the southern states compared with continued growth in the north. Source: Population projections, 2011–2036, Registrar General of India (projected from 2011 Census) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

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In the decade ahead, they will see their working-age populations begin to shrink, even as the north-central states will continue to see their working-age populations grow.
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How has the share of people from other age-groups in the population evolved for states in India over time? Read @Rukmini’s piece to find out: dataforindia.com/age-distrib…

Age distribution in Indian states

Whether in the north or the south, Indian states are all seeing their populations begin to age. However over a decade separates India's youngest and oldest states, and the southern states are already...

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