New research has uncovered a possible link between gut bacteria and the development of multiple sclerosis (MS).
Scientists at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich investigated the condition by studying identical twins, a design that helped minimise the effects of genetics and environment.
The team analysed 81 twin pairs in which only one sibling had MS and identified two bacterial strains that were consistently associated with the disease.
The microbes, Eisenbergiella tayi and Lachnoclostridium, were found in significantly higher levels in individuals with multiple sclerosis. When these bacteria were introduced into mouse models, they triggered symptoms resembling MS, suggesting they may play an active biological role rather than simply being correlated with the condition.
These findings strengthen growing evidence that the gut microbiome may influence autoimmune diseases. While further studies in humans are still required, the research offers one of the strongest indications so far of a potential gutโbrain connection in MS.
The results also raise the possibility that future treatments could target or modify these bacteria in order to delay, reduce, or potentially prevent the development of the disease.