Artemis III is the second crewed mission in NASA's Artemis program, targeted for launch in late 2027 (no earlier than around mid-to-late 2027, with some references to targets like March–June initially adjusted).27b4e7
It was originally planned as the first crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17 in 1972 but was restructured in early 2026 into a critical crewed demonstration mission in low Earth orbit (LEO). This change prioritizes risk reduction for the actual lunar landing on Artemis IV (targeted for early 2028).
Mission Aim
The primary objective of Artemis III is to demonstrate and validate key systems and operations necessary for future crewed lunar landings. Specifically:
Rendezvous and docking between the Orion spacecraft and one or both commercial Human Landing Systems (HLS): SpaceX's Starship HLS and/or Blue Origin's Blue Moon (pathfinder versions launched separately by their providers).
Integrated operations and checkout of docked vehicles, including life support systems (ECLS), communications, propulsion, and overall interoperability.
Testing of the Axiom Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AxEMU) spacesuit, including potential vehicle interfaces for lunar surface use.
Extended validation of Orion's capabilities (e.g., life support for longer durations than Artemis II) in a crewed environment to reduce risks ahead of more complex missions.
This mission acts as a "dress rehearsal" in Earth orbit, similar in spirit to Apollo 9 (which tested the lunar module in Earth orbit). It allows more flexible launch windows and focuses on proving the complex interactions between Orion and the landers without the added complexities (and risks) of a translunar injection and lunar orbit.
Success on Artemis III is seen as essential for enabling the first crewed lunar landing on Artemis IV.
How the Mission Will Be Carried Out
Launch: Four crew members will launch aboard NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) rocket (Block 1 or evolved configuration) from Launch Complex 39B at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The Orion spacecraft (CM-004 with European Service Module) will be delivered to orbit.
Orbit Insertion and Preparation: After launch, Orion's service module will perform maneuvers to reach and circularize in a suitable low Earth orbit. This orbit is chosen to maximize launch opportunities for the separate commercial lander launches and overall mission success.
Rendezvous and Docking: The commercial HLS vehicles (Starship HLS and/or Blue Moon) will be launched uncrewed on their respective rockets (e.g., SpaceX Starship/Super Heavy or Blue Origin New Glenn). Orion will rendezvous and dock with at least one (potentially both, if timelines align) in LEO. The crew will perform close-proximity operations, docking tests, and integrated system checkouts while docked.
In-Orbit Operations: Activities include testing life support, communications, propulsion systems, and suit interfaces. Potential science or additional demonstrations may occur, though the focus is engineering validation. The crew will remain in Orion (with possible transfers or evaluations involving the docked landers).
Undocking and Return: After completing objectives, Orion will undock, perform de-orbit maneuvers, and splash down in the Pacific Ocean.
The landers will likely be disposed of or de-orbited after the tests. The mission profile emphasizes safety and iterative learning, with commercial partners heavily involved.
Duration
The mission is planned to last approximately two weeks (around 14 days), though exact timelines will be refined closer to launch. This is longer than Artemis II (~10 days) but shorter than the original 3–4 week lunar concepts. The duration supports thorough testing while managing consumables and crew fatigue in LEO.
Crew
NASA announced the Artemis III crew on June 9, 2026. All four are experienced astronauts:74a349
Commander: Randy Bresnik (NASA) — Veteran astronaut with prior ISS command experience.
Introducing Artemis III.
Four astronauts. Three launches. Two dockings. One splashdown.
In 2027, the Artemis III mission will practice docking the Orion spacecraft with two lunar landers in low Earth orbit — the capability we need to return humanity to the Moon’s surface.