Thank you for all your doubts and criticisms. I have added the latest eighth piece of evidence:
8. Tests on C57BL/6N mice susceptible to diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis showed that lifelong supplementation of sucrose accounting for 10-25% of total calories in staple foods did not cause overweight and obesity in male C57BL/6N mice, with normal blood glucose, plasma total cholesterol and hepatic triglyceride levels [doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1076073].
Accordingly, sugar alone does not raise the risk of type 2 diabetes. In reality, however, people rarely consume pure sugar or add sugar to staple foods. Sugar is mostly incorporated into beverages, pastries, baked biscuits and other foods. The appealing taste of desserts drives increased intake of sugary products, which leads to excessive calorie intake as well as overconsumption of other ingredients. For instance, baked goods contain acrylamide. Animal studies have proven that long-term acrylamide intake triggers pancreatic islet cell apoptosis, elevates fasting blood glucose, and induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, all of which are pivotal drivers of the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes.