Okay, bear with me here - I think I might have just discovered something that could potentially boost mucosal immunity after receiving Novavax, a function that it already performs much better than the mRNA shots.
And mucosal immunity is truly integral to everything - stopping infection, translocation of SARS2 to the brain, lowering incidence of long covid, etc.
To cut to the chase: It’s intranasal application of Neosporin / triple antibiotic ointment (more specifically, the neomycin component) co-administered with the vaccine.
Let me explain…
Inducing robust mucosal immunity has always been a challenge for respiratory vaccines, they produce “systemic immunity” / lower respiratory tract immunity much more readily.
This new study is out this week, looking at a potential way to solve this issue:
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/…
They administered the AstraZeneca COVID vaccine, and at the same time, they also administered a nasal spray containing Interferon-Alpha. INF-a is a cytokine that stimulates the immune system, and the idea was that simultaneous immune stimulation in the upper respiratory tract, even without antigen present locally, could recruit antigen-specific T-cells induced by the vaccine to the area. It was successful, and they indeed found induction of a vaccine-specific mucosal response, which they also posit is likely retained through the establishment of tissue-resident memory cells.
Now, here’s bad news: We don’t have Interferon-Alpha nasal sprays in the United States. They’re readily available in some countries - Cuba, Russia, China, etc. But not here.
The only thing I can find that comes close to the mechanism of action, surprisingly, is neomycin - an antibiotic that is one of the 3 active ingredients in Neosporin.
This study from last year found that neomycin also induces the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs):
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3864…
Neosporin has come up in this situation before - some people in the COVID-conscious community have been advocating, for years, for intranasal application to help with prophylaxis. I’ve never been a fan, mostly because of the allergy risk. 2 of the 3 active ingredients (Neomycin and Bacitracin Zinc) are ranked #5 and #6 for the most common allergens discovered in patch testing - with 10% and 9.2%, respectively, of all tests coming back positive for an allergy.
So I don’t think this is something that people should be doing on a regular basis, but considering the lack of availability of INF-alpha, I think this could be a use case for temporarily intranasal application of Neosporin while receiving Novavax.
To limit the potential allergy risk - it seems like you can also purchase neomycin ointment on its own⬇️ - and this specific product also happens to have much less junk in the inactive ingredients list when compared to Neosporin.
Some big caveats, though:
1. All of this research, to this point, has been done in mouse models, and there’s no guarantee that benefits will absolutely and directly translate to human immune systems.
2. We don’t really have any idea how durable this response would be, even though the authors seems to find it plausible that it would be long-lasting.
We need a LOT more research, but it’s something that you could try if you’d like. I probably will myself, after a bit more reading.