A bridge entirely without nuts and bolts? That's The HowrahBridge, officially renamed Rabindra Setu in 1965 after Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.Not even one. The massive steel structure is held together purely by rivets.
🔹️Why Did the British Build It? The need for a permanent bridge across the Hooghly River was felt as early as 1862. Kolkata (then Calcutta) was the capital of British India and a major trading port, while Howrah housed the important railway terminus. The old pontoon (floating) bridge (built in the 1870s) was slow, fragile, frequently opened for ships (disrupting traffic), and vulnerable to cyclones and collisions. By the 1930s, exploding traffic and trade demands made a strong, fixed bridge essential for economic connectivity.
🔹️Construction started in 1936 under British colonial administration (designed by UK firm Rendel, Palmer & Tritton). It opened on 3 February 1943 amid World War II.
🔹️The bridge became a critical military asset. Calcutta was a key supply hub for Allied forces in Asia. A reliable crossing ensured rapid movement of troops, supplies, and logistics specially with fears of Japanese advances in the east. The British pressed ahead despite air raid threats (the bridge was camouflaged during the war).
🔹️Out of 26,500 tons of steel, only ~3,000 tons came from England (rest diverted for war); Tata Steel stepped up with the rest.
🔹️At inauguration (1943), it was the 3rd longest cantilever bridge in the world, today it stands as the 6th longest cantilever bridge in the world.
It carries approximately 100,000 vehicles and over 150,000 pedestrians daily, making it the world’s busiest cantilever bridge.
ALT The old pontoon bridge that was later replaced by the Howrah Bridge
ALT People crossing on Howrah Bridge in 1953.