I recall reading the official reports myself.
On June 8, 1967, Israeli forces had received reports of naval shelling against the coastal city of El-Arish, near where the USS Liberty was positioned in international waters. Earlier that morning, Israeli reconnaissance flights had correctly identified the Liberty as an American vessel and marked it as such on their control table. However, due to procedural errors, possibly compounded by fatigue, the chaos of war, miscommunications, outdated assumptions about the ship's speed and position, and a shift change that had just taken place, the vessel was unable to be identified by the time attack orders were issued that afternoon.
Israeli naval command had correctly identified the Liberty as American earlier that morning (around 0558-0600) via reconnaissance flights, marking it on a control table. However, the marker was removed around 1100 due to an assumption the ship had moved away.
By the time the attack orders were given, the vessel was where it wasn't supposed to be. Instead, it was ~25 nautical miles off the coast of El-Arish, because orders from chain-of-command to move farther offshore (to 100 nautical miles) were delayed due to routing errors and never reached the ship, likely attributable to jamming (
cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOCโฆ). Although the ship transmitted distress signals during the attack, these were also hampered by jamming and damage. The key confusion on the Israeli side stemmed from reports of high-speed unidentified vessels in the area and the misidentification of the Liberty as an Egyptian ship, such as the horse transport El Quseir.
The USS Liberty was an NSA signals-intelligence (SIGINT) reconnaissance vessel monitoring communications in the regionโand we all know how much these conspiracists love American intelligence services; there's certainly no ulterior motivations behind the "just asking questions crowd" resurrecting the story, right? There's no broader pattern of Hitler, Stalin, Saddam, Putin and Jihadist-loving sodomites entangled in this web of discourse, is there?
Israeli aircraft and torpedo boats were dispatched based on the erroneous shelling reports and proceeded to attack what they believed was a hostile target. False-flag operations were a known concern in the Cold War context, and Israeli commanders were acutely aware of the risks of engaging Soviet or American vessels. The attack was called off once doubts emerged, triggered by the lack of return fire, Latin hull markings (GTR-5), and the recovery of a life raft marked in English. Israeli leadership, including Chief of Staff Yitzhak Rabin, explicitly worried the ship might be Soviet. Contrary to what Shapiro says, one of the few times I'm going to correct him, the initial pause in the attack was not caused by confirmation it was an American vessel but suspicion it was Soviet. However, confirmation it was American, thereafter, led to an immediate cessation of hostilities, offers of assistance, and formal apologies.
What many people overlook is the broader strategic context.
The Soviet Union was heavily backing Egypt and other Arab states with arms, advisors, and political support, turning the Six-Day War into a Cold War proxy conflict. The USS Liberty's primary mission was to gather intelligence for U.S. decision-makers amid fears of escalation, including possible Soviet intervention. While the U.S. was officially neutral, it provided diplomatic and some material support to Israel against Soviet-backed forces. The Liberty's intelligence was intended for American use, though limited sharing with allies was possible.
The narrative of a deliberate Israeli attack therefore strains credulity.
The U.S. and Israel were aligned against a common Soviet-backed adversary, and attacking an American intelligence ship would have risked catastrophic consequences for Israel at a moment of existential threat. Claims of a false-flag operation to draw the U.S. into the warโor to silence monitoring of Israeli actionsโlack supporting evidence and contradict the findings of multiple U.S. and Israeli investigations, which unanimously concluded the incident was a tragic case of mistaken identity.
That essential context, combined with the official record, decisively undermines conspiracy theories that persist despite the evidence. Simply apply reasoning, and you anyone capable of rational thought can see the obvious, even when discounting the evidence. Israel apologized, paid full reparations (totaling $12.9 million by 1980), and both governments long ago closed the matter as a tragic error of war.