The Top Viewed Papers of 2025 for the journal Separations are in! 🏆✨ Check out the full lineup of impactful, open-access science here 👉 brnw.ch/21x0AIe #Separations #TopCitedPapers #SeparationScience #OpenAccess #ScientificResearch

Cornish Lithium’s funding is thus a mix of government grants, strategic institutional public equity (UKIB/NWF), private equity, and retail crowdfunding, illustrating the layered approach often required for UK critical minerals projects, basically this followed the previous UK Critical Minerals Strategy Here is a breakdown of their funding over the years Key Lessons for IXR/Ionic Technologies 1. Multiple Funding Sources: Cornish Lithium accessed at least 4-5 different funding mechanisms (ATF grants, NWF equity, private equity, strategic investor, crowdfunding) 2. Staged Funding: Progression from grants → institutional equity → follow-on equity → crowdfunding demonstrates sequential de-risking 3. Government Cornerstone: NWF's £55M total investment (£24M £31M) represents 50% of total capital raised, demonstrating government commitment. 4. Crowding In Private Capital: Government backing enabled matched funding from EMG and TechMet, validating the "crowding in" strategy outlined in UK Critical Minerals Strategy 2025​​ 5. Grant Equity Mix: Combination of non-dilutive grants (ATF) and strategic equity (NWF) optimizes capital structure​ This funding model demonstrates exactly what the UK Critical Minerals Strategy 2025 envisions: government grants de-risk technology → government equity attracts institutional capital → private equity co-invests → projects progress to commercial production. For Ionic Technologies, the Belfast commercial plant could access a similar diversified funding package combining ATF grants, NWF equity, UKEF export finance, and private co-investment—potentially totalling £70-280M as outlined in the UK Critical Minerals Strategy framework @IONICTECH_UK @IONIC_RE @timhorizonmet @IXR2THAMOON #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady

UK CRITICAL MINERALS STRATEGY 2025: COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS FOR IXR/IONIC TECHNOLOGIES 🎯 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: STRATEGY VALIDATES BELFAST AS UK'S RARE EARTH SOLUTION PART TWO The UK Critical Minerals Strategy 2025, published November 23, 2025, provides the strongest government validation yet for IXR's Ionic Technologies Belfast facility. The 48-page strategy explicitly names Northern Ireland's rare earth permanent magnet recycling innovation, establishes a 20% recycling target by 2035, announces up to £50 million in commercialisation funding, and identifies midstream processing as the UK's competitive advantage—all directly aligned with Belfast's operational capabilities and the CirculaREEconomy partnership. 🗓️ IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE & NEXT CATALYSTS See Photo 2 Table 1 ✅ Achieve 10% domestic production target (Belfast = ONLY UK rare earth processing) ✅ Achieve 20% recycling target (Belfast commercial plant required for REE recycling at scale) ✅ Achieve 60% supply diversification (Belfast reduces China dependence from 90% to <60%) 🔍 COMPETITIVE POSITION ANALYSIS Belfast's Unique Status vs. UK Critical Mineral Projects: See Photo 3 Table 2 Belfast's Advantages: 1. ONLY operational rare earth separation facility in entire UK 2. 24/7 commercial operations since January 2024 (proven technology) 3. Complete value chain integration (CirculaREEconomy: EMR → Ionic → LCM → VAC → Ford/Bentley) 4. Defense-critical (F-35 heavy REE dependency, China 90% control) 5. Queen's University Belfast research partnership validated by government 6. Midstream processing = Strategy's identified UK competitive advantage 7. Circular economy model = government's flagship for permanent magnet recycling Positive Signals (Why ATF Approval is Likely): ✅ Northern Ireland explicitly named for rare earth magnet recycling innovation ✅ £50M fund for commercialisation = Belfast is at perfect stage (demo → commercial scale-up) ✅ 20% recycling target by 2035 = impossible to achieve for REEs without Belfast commercial plant ✅ Midstream processing = UK's competitive advantage = Belfast is ONLY operational example ✅ China 90% rare earth refining control = UK MUST diversify (Belfast = ONLY solution) ✅ Queen's University Belfast validated = government recognizes research excellence ✅ CirculaREEconomy = £11M government-funded = operational consortium, not speculative ✅ Defense supply chain resilience = F-35 rare earths require Belfast heavy REE capability ✅ Chris McDonald keynote Dec 1 = Minister knows Belfast via MAGNOSTIC partnership (MPI) 🎯 BOTTOM LINE FOR IXR INVESTORS The UK Critical Minerals Strategy 2025 Validates: ✅ NORTHERN IRELAND explicitly named for rare earth magnet recycling innovation ✅ MIDSTREAM PROCESSING identified as UK's competitive advantage (Belfast's core business) ✅ CIRCULAR ECONOMY for permanent magnets = policy priority (CirculaREEconomy flagship) ✅ £50M CRITICAL MINERAL FUND announced for commercialisation (Belfast qualifies) ✅ QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST recognized for permanent magnet recycling research ✅ 20% RECYCLING TARGET by 2035 = requires Belfast commercial plant to be viable ✅ CHINA 90% RARE EARTH REFINING = UK must diversify (Belfast = ONLY UK solution) ✅ DEFENSE SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE = F-35 rare earths (Belfast's heavy REE capability) What Changes After Strategy Publication: Before (October 2024 - November 22, 2025): ❌ No government strategy published ❌ No clear policy framework for rare earth recycling ❌ No dedicated critical mineral fund ❌ Belfast's strategic importance not formally validated ❌ ATF application in limbo for 11 months After (November 23, 2025 onwards): ✅ Strategy published = policy framework established ✅ Northern Ireland rare earth recycling validated = Belfast's role confirmed ✅ £50M fund announced = commercialisation funding available ✅ 20% recycling target = Belfast commercial plant strategically required ✅ ATF decision window = Nov 26 Budget (3 days) or Q1 2026 (£50M fund process) 📅 NEXT CATALYSTS (November 26 - December 3) See Photo 4, Table 3 💡 INVESTMENT THESIS VALIDATION The 11-month ATF wait is entering final decision phase. Strategy publication confirms: Belfast is strategically essential to UK's 2035 critical mineral goals, No alternative UK rare earth processing capacity exists, Government recognizes Northern Ireland's rare earth recycling leadership, £50M commercialisation fund provides new ATF-alternative pathway, CirculaREEconomy = government's flagship circular economy model. Funding decisions (Nov 26 Budget or Q1 2026) will determine: Whether UK capitalizes on its ONLY operational rare earth advantage, Whether Belfast commercial plant secures government de-risking capital, Whether CirculaREEconomy scales from demonstration (Phase 1) to commercial (Phase 2), Whether UK achieves 20% recycling target and 60% supply diversification by 2035 The dots have connected. The Strategy validates everything IXR has been building toward. Now it's execution time. Recap 🇬🇧 UK launches Critical Minerals Strategy 2025! 🚀 🇬🇧 UK CRITICAL MINERALS STRATEGY 2025 🇬🇧 ⚡ BELFAST EXPLICITLY VALIDATED ⚡ 📍 Belfast named on pages 6, 13-14 🎓 Queens University tech leadership confirmed ♻️ Rare earth magnet recycling = strategic priority BELFAST WINS: 💷 £50M Critical Minerals Fund 🏦 £27.8B NWF access ⚡ £40/MWh energy subsidies (2027) 🚀 Fast-track permitting 🛡️ Defence supply chain priority 🇪🇺 Dual UK-EU market access 📅 DEC 1 CATALYST: 🎤 Minister Chris McDonald keynote 👔 Thomas Kelly (Ionic, CMA Co-Chair) MoD panel 📋 DBT implementation roadmap 🏆 ONLY Western separated magnet REO producer 🎯 Strategic national asset through 2035 ✅ £70-280M funding pathways 12 months patience = policy validation 💎 Ambitious 2035 goals: 📈 10% of UK mineral demand met domestically ♻️ 20% through recycling 🔋 50,000 tonnes of lithium produced in UK 💰 Up to £50M fund backing UK projects ♨️ UK ends overreliance on imports, tackles China’s supply chain dominance (70% mining, 90% refining)! Strategic edge: 🛡️ National security through resilient supply 🏭 Stockpiling for defence & NATO partnership 🌍 International collaboration with resource-rich partners 🌿 Support for recycling tech at Queens Belfast & Ionic Technologies British innovation, new jobs, real supply chain resilience! 🏁 📖 Full release: gov.uk/government/publicatio… and gov.uk/government/news/from-… GLTAH 🚀 @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ReElementTech @ChrisMcDonaldMP @ussmetals #NdPr #DyTb @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths @Perran4CRH #Belfast #Vision2035 #CircularEconomy #NetZero $IXR 🇬🇧♻️🔋⚡ #USSM #Trump #RareEarths @ENERGY #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady

🎯 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: STRATEGY VALIDATES BELFAST AS UK'S RARE EARTH SOLUTION PART ONE The UK Critical Minerals Strategy 2025, published November 23, 2025, provides the strongest government validation yet for IXR's Ionic Technologies Belfast facility. The 48-page strategy explicitly names Northern Ireland's rare earth permanent magnet recycling innovation, establishes a 20% recycling target by 2035, announces up to £50 million in commercialisation funding, and identifies midstream processing as the UK's competitive advantage—all directly aligned with Belfast's operational capabilities and the CirculaREEconomy partnership. 📄 MOST IMPORTANT PAGES FOR IXR INVESTORS 1. Page 11-12 → Vision 2035: 20% recycling target by 2035 (Requires Belfast commercial plant to be viable) 2. Page 13 → UK Strengths: Midstream processing REE recycling capabilities (Validates MAIL separation technology) 3. Page 17 → Northern Ireland / Queen's University Belfast / Permanent Magnet Recycling (THE validation of Ionic Technologies) 4. Page 20-21 → £50M Critical Mineral Fund for commercialisation (Belfast is perfect fit) 5. Page 27 → China 70%/90% rare earth mining/refining control (Makes Belfast strategically essential) Further Breakdown ✅ NORTHERN IRELAND EXPLICITLY VALIDATED (Page 17) Direct Government Recognition: "Northern Ireland is pioneering innovation in the field of critical minerals recovery from end-of-life products, with research from the Queen's University Belfast contributing to new ways of recycling permanent magnets used in applications from wind turbines to vehicles." What This Means: ✅ Government acknowledges Northern Ireland as UK leader in rare earth permanent magnet recycling ✅ Queen's University Belfast research validated (Ionic Technologies' MAGNOSTIC partnership confirmed) ✅ Wind turbines vehicles = F-35 defense applications EV traction motors (CirculaREEconomy's target markets) ✅ "Pioneering innovation" = Belfast is ahead of all other UK regions in rare earth recycling technology. 💷 £50 MILLION CRITICAL MINERAL FUND (Pages 20-21) The Funding Catalyst: see Photo 3 information Table "Following Spending Review 2025, funding of up to £50 million will be made available by DBT to support critical mineral projects, which could include expanding research and innovation as well as supporting commercialisation." 🔄 CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR PERMANENT MAGNETS (Pages 23-24) CirculaREEconomy = Government's Flagship Model: Strategy States: See Photo 4 Information Table "Promoting a circular economy in the UK...build on the UK strengths in recycling to maximise the amount of critical minerals which can be recovered" 🎖️ DEFENSE SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE (Page 24) F-35 Rare Earth Dependency Addressed: Strategy States: "We will consider mechanisms for establishing and building resilience in critical mineral supply into the UK defence sector. This could, for example, take the form of industry-held stockpiles mandated through Government procurement mechanisms, or ensuring defence equipment always source critical minerals from more than one country." Belfast's Defense Relevance: ✅ F-35 uses 400kg rare earths per aircraft (primarily heavy REEs: Dy, Tb, Nd, Pr) ✅ China controls 90% of rare earth refining = UK defense supply chain vulnerability ✅ October 2025 Chinese export restrictions on Dy, Tb now active ✅ Belfast's MAIL separation produces heavy REEs (Dy, Tb) at 99.99% purity = defense-grade ✅ MoD procurement mechanisms could mandate UK-sourced rare earths (Belfast = ONLY supplier) December 1 CMA Conference Panel: Thomas Kelly (Ionic Technologies) alongside Sarah Liggins (UK Ministry of Defense) = government validation of Belfast's strategic defense importance. 🌏 CHINA DOMINANCE = DIVERSIFICATION IMPERATIVE (Page 27) The Strategic Driver: "China dominates the rare earths supply chain, controlling 70% and 90% of rare earth mining and refining respectively. We will continue to work closely with China while building wider international partnerships to diversify supply to ensure the UK has the sustainable long-term supply our businesses and people need." Belfast's Diversification Solution: ✅ 90% rare earth refining in China = UK has ZERO domestic alternative except Belfast ✅ 60% single-country import limit by 2035 = Strategy's diversification target ✅ Belfast processes recycled magnets = reduces UK import dependence on China ✅ CirculaREEconomy closed-loop = UK-sourced feedstock (EMR), UK-processed (Belfast), UK-manufactured (LCM, VAC), UK-consumed (Ford, Bentley) 📊 RARE EARTH ELEMENT DEMAND SIGNAL (Page 43) UK REE Demand Forecast 2027-2035: Year, REE Demand (tonnes), Applications 1. 2027 6,770t to 8,810t, Traction motors, industrial magnets, clean energy, consumer electronics 2. 2030 16,000t to 20,000t, Growing EV adoption, wind turbine installations. 3. 2035 34,200t to 41,700t, Net Zero 2035 target, full EV transition Belfast's Role: 400 TPA commercial plant output = 1.2% of 2035 UK REE demand BUT: Belfast is midstream processing = all UK REE supply (domestic mining imports recycling) must pass through separation facility No alternative UK separation capacity exists or planned = Belfast is bottleneck AND solution ⚡ MIDSTREAM PROCESSING = UK'S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE (Page 13) Government Recognition: "The UK has well-established and growing capabilities in refining and recycling specific critical minerals, such as lithium, Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Platinum Group Metals (PGMs), all to high Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) standards." Belfast's Midstream Credentials: ✅ MAIL separation technology = 99.99% purity rare earth oxides (defense-grade) ✅ 24/7 operational since January 2024 = proven at demonstration scale (Phase 1) 20,000t of High Purity Separated REOs produced by the end of 2025 ✅ Low-carbon processing = 60% lower carbon vs virgin rare earth refining (CirculaREEconomy LCA) ✅ High ESG standards = UK regulatory environment, no Chinese environmental/labor concerns ✅ ONLY operational UK rare earth separation facility = no competitors domestically Strategy Explicitly References: Frazer-Nash Consultancy report (April 2025) assessing UK midstream processing recycling capability Critical Minerals Association (CMA) Materials Processing Institute (MPI) partnership (Chris McDonald's former organization) @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ReElementTech @ChrisMcDonaldMP @ussmetals #NdPr #DyTb @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths @Perran4CRH #USSM #Trump #RareEarths @ENERGY #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady

From smartphones to fridges: UK to end overreliance on imports of critical minerals The Government has launched the UK’s new Critical Minerals Strategy. From: Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street, Department for Business and Trade, Chris McDonald MP and The Rt Hon Sir Keir Starmer KCB KC MP Published 22 November 2025. 🇬🇧 UK launches Critical Minerals Strategy 2025! 🚀 1. New Critical Minerals Strategy sets out the ambition to produce 10% of UK’s mineral needs domestically and 20% through recycling by 2035. 2. At least 50,000 tonnes of lithium to be produced in the UK by 2035 – more than the weight of the Titanic. 3. Up to £50 million fund backs UK businesses by boosting critical minerals projects and turbocharging domestic production and processing, helping UK move ahead in the global race. Britain’s supplies of the vital materials powering everyday essentials like smartphones and fridges are set to be shored up as the Prime Minister launches the UK’s new Critical Minerals Strategy today [22 November]. The strategy, backed by up to £50 million new funding, will aim to reduce the UK’s overreliance on foreign imports of critical minerals essential for everyday life by ramping up domestic production, protecting the UK from shortages in global shocks like natural disasters or war. The move comes as the Government doubles down on shoring up supply chains as part of its push on national security. China currently dominates global critical mineral production and supply chains, for example controlling 70% and 90% of rare earth mining and refining respectively, making Britain vulnerable from overreliance on a select few exporters for its supplies of materials needed to power things like electric vehicles and wind turbines. Ambitious 2035 goals: 📈 10% of UK mineral demand met domestically ♻️ 20% through recycling 🔋 50,000 tonnes of lithium produced in UK 💰 Up to £50M fund backing UK projects ♨️ UK ends overreliance on imports, tackles China’s supply chain dominance (70% mining, 90% refining)! But in the UK alone, demand for copper – used for electric plugs in our homes and the brakes in our cars – is set to almost double by 2035, while demand for lithium – vital for powering our laptops and electric cars – will increase by 1,100%. That is why the Government is taking decisive action to ensure no more than 60% of the UK’s supply of any one critical mineral is imported from any one country by 2035. The strategy will see the Government work with the sector to harness the UK’s world leading capability with Europe’s largest lithium deposit in Cornwall, one of the largest sources of tungsten globally, one of the largest nickel refineries in Europe in Clydach, Swansea and the only Western source of rare earth alloys used in the magnets found in wind turbines and F-35 fighter jets, amongst others. It will help the UK meet 10% of its demand through domestic production, with 20% to come from recycling of products to recover minerals. This is the first time the UK has set out clear, tangible ambitions to grow domestic production and recycling, while reducing our reliance on third countries. Strategic edge: 🛡️ National security through resilient supply 🏭 Stockpiling for defence & NATO partnership 🌍 International collaboration with resource-rich partners 🌿 Support for recycling tech at Queens Belfast & Ionic Technologies British innovation, new jobs, real supply chain resilience! 🏁 ✅Next post I will dig deeper for What this means for IXRs Ionic Technologies, stayed tuned📷 📡 @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ReElementTech @ChrisMcDonaldMP @ussmetals #NdPr #DyTb @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths @Perran4CRH #USSM #Trump #RareEarths @ENERGY #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady #CriticalMinerals #RareEarths #UKIndustry #Belfast #CircularEconomy #Vision2035 #IonicTechnologies $IXR 🇬🇧♻️🔋

The UK’s new Critical Minerals Strategy 2025 signals a major shift toward securing resilient, sustainable, and diversified supply chains for critical minerals, with a strong emphasis on domestic production, midstream processing, recycling, and international partnerships. For Ionic Rare Earths (IXR) and Ionic Technologies, this strategy presents significant opportunities and aligns well with their technological strengths and strategic positioning in the sector.​ 🇬🇧 The UK’s new Critical Minerals Strategy 2025 is a game-changer for #RareEarths and supply chains: 🔹 10% domestic production 🔹 20% recycling target 🔹 Supply chain diversification 🔹 Major support for midstream processing & innovation! Key Implications for Ionic Technologies The strategy highlights the importance of midstream processing and recycling, areas where Ionic Technologies has developed proprietary methods for extracting rare earth elements (REEs) with lower environmental impact and higher efficiency. The UK government’s ambition to meet at least 10% of annual industrial demand for critical minerals through domestic production and 20% through recycling by 2035 directly supports companies like IXR that specialize in advanced extraction and processing technologies.​ Government Support and Investment The strategy commits to expanding public finance support, including up to £50 million for critical mineral projects, as well as enhancing access to finance through institutions like the National Wealth Fund , UK Export Finance , and the British Business Bank . Ionic Technologies may benefit from targeted grant funding, streamlined permitting, and energy cost support, all of which are designed to accelerate the commercialization of innovative projects.​ Focus on Circular Economy and ESG Standards The UK’s push for a circular economy and responsible supply chains matches Ionic Technologies’ commitment to sustainable extraction and recycling. The strategy mandates high Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards, which aligns with IXR’s focus on environmentally friendly technologies. This creates a competitive advantage for companies that can demonstrate ESG leadership, potentially opening doors to government partnerships and international collaborations.​ The strategy encourages international growth partnerships with resource-rich countries and technology partners. For Ionic Technologies, this could mean expanded opportunities for joint ventures, technology licensing, and access to new markets, especially in regions seeking to diversify their supply chains and adopt more sustainable practices.​ Regional Clusters and Supply Chain Mapping The UK is fostering regional clusters for critical minerals, particularly in areas like Cornwall, Teesside, and Devon, which are hubs for mining and processing. Ionic Technologies may find strategic advantages in these clusters, including access to skilled labor, infrastructure, and collaborative R&D opportunities. The government’s commitment to mapping supply chains and identifying gaps could also help Ionic Technologies target specific market needs and optimize their supply chain integration.​ The UK’s Critical Minerals Strategy 2025 is a clear signal that the government is prioritizing innovation, sustainability, and resilience in the critical minerals sector. For Ionic Technologies, this represents a robust platform for growth, investment, and leadership in the global market.​ ✅Next post I will dig deeper for What this means for IXRs Ionic Technologies, stayed tuned📻📡 The UK’s Critical Minerals Strategy 2025 creates a favorable environment for companies like Ionic Rare Earths and Ionic Technologies, especially in the areas of midstream processing, recycling, and international collaboration. By aligning with the strategy’s goals for resilience, sustainability, and innovation, IXR and Ionic Technologies can leverage government support and partnerships to expand their market presence and contribute to the UK’s critical minerals ambitions.​ 🧵 THREAD: UK Critical Minerals Strategy 2025 - A Game-Changer for @IONIC_RE and @IONICTECH_UK The strategy sets three ambitious 2035 targets: 📊 10% domestic production ♻️ 20% from recycling 🌍 <60% imports from any single country @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ReElementTech @ChrisMcDonaldMP @ussmetals #NdPr #DyTb @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths @Perran4CRH #USSM #Trump #RareEarths @ENERGY #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady #CriticalMinerals #RareEarths #UKIndustry #Belfast #CircularEconomy #Vision2035 #IonicTechnologies $IXR 🇬🇧♻️🔋 assets.publishing.service.go…

IONIC TECHNOLOGIES SET TO BECOME FIRST ASX RARE EARTH OXIDE PRODUCER FROM RECYCLED WIND TURBINES In 2023, European wind farms saw 736 MW of wind power decommissioned across nine countries; Ionic Technologies is a global first mover in the recycling of Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets to high purity separated magnet REOs – enabling the creation of sustainable, traceable, and sovereign rare earth supply chains. Ionic Technologies magnet recycling Demonstration Plant produced quantities of high purity (> 99.5%) neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy) rare earth oxides (REOs), Ionic Technologies has now commenced operations processing of end of life (EOL) permanent magnets from a decommissioned wind turbine generator. Wind Turbine Recycling Potential Wind farms have a finite operational lifetime, typically ranging from 15 to 25 years, after which they are decommissioned. An alternative common in Europe is a process called repowering where operators replace smaller, less efficient turbines with larger, modern turbines with increased capacity, even with fewer new turbines. This increased capacity is known as repowered capacity. Wind farm repowering typically trebles its output on average, while also reducing the number of turbines in operation. For this reason, it presents a unique opportunity to quickly ramp-up wind energy production in Europe. European wind farms saw 736 MW of wind power across nine countries was decommissioned, and 1.4 GW of new capacity came from repowering projects A recent report from Wind Europe1 indicated a significant proportion of European onshore wind farms are approaching the end of their planned operational lifetime. Currently, 22 GW of Europe’s existing wind farms have already been running for more than 20 years. By 2030, 52 GW of capacity will be more than 20 years old, and it is expected that almost all repowered capacity by 2030 will come from onshore wind. Over the next seven years, Wind Europe forecasts expect annual decommissioned capacity to increase seven-fold to 5.2 GW, along with a more than three-fold increase in repowering to 5.0 GW The cumulative expectation for decommissioned wind farms is estimated at approximately 27 GW between now and 2030, representing a substantial base load for the development of magnet recycling from existing wind turbine capacity. Typically, each MW of wind turbine capacity, if using permanent magnet direct drive generators, can include up to 600 kg of permanent magnets. IonicRE is working with wind farm operators and OEMs to understand the market opportunities. It should be noted that the existing wind turbine fleet includes both turbines using direct drive permanent magnets and geared drives which do not use permanent magnets @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ReElementTech @ChrisMcDonaldMP @ussmetals #NdPr #DyTb @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths @Perran4CRH #USSM #Trump #RareEarths @ENERGY #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady #WindEnergy #Renewables #CircularEconomy #GreenJobs #IrishSea #CleanTech #NIpower

Belfast Harbour's Offshore Wind Hub and Ionic Technologies' Strategic Positioning. 🚢⚡ Big news from #BelfastHarbour! Over £100m has been committed by EnBW and JERA Nex bp to turn Belfast into the offshore wind hub for the Mona & Morgan wind farms, powering 3M UK homes by 2029! 🌊🌬️ Belfast Harbour is establishing itself as a major offshore wind and rare earth recycling hub through transformative infrastructure investments and strategic industry partnerships. The convergence of offshore wind development and critical minerals recycling creates a unique circular economy ecosystem centred around two key terminal facilities and Ionic Technologies' operations. Belfast Harbour's £190 Million Offshore Wind Infrastructure Investment D1 Terminal: Offshore Wind Assembly Hub The D1 terminal serves as Belfast Harbour's established offshore wind logistics facility, originally built in 2012 as the UK's first purpose-built offshore wind terminal. In November 2025, EnBW and JERA Nex bp committed over £100 million through their Mona and Morgan joint ventures to lease the D1 terminal for wind turbine component assembly and marshalling. This landmark deal positions the terminal as the central hub for two of the largest offshore wind farms planned in the Irish Sea, with enabling works underway to prepare the site for operations beginning in 2028. The terminal features a 500-meter-long quay structure with deep-water berth capabilities and 50 acres of logistics and assembly space.​ D3 Terminal: Dual-Purpose Facility Belfast Harbour is investing £90 million in the D3 terminal construction, creating a new dual-purpose deepwater facility for both cruise tourism and offshore wind operations. Graham Construction was awarded the main contractor role in April 2025, with marine works commencing immediately. The first stage, featuring a 340-meter-long deepwater quay and berth, is scheduled for completion by summer 2027. Stage 2, anticipated by 2030, will further reinforce infrastructure to handle next-generation offshore wind turbines with core components weighing more than 1,000 tonnes, along with shore power facilities for vessels to run on clean energy while docked.​ Stage 1: D1 Terminal prepped for assembly/marshalling by 2028. Stage 2: D3 Terminal, £90m new deepwater quay to boost #OffshoreWind assembly AND cruise ships—future proofing for next-gen turbines & clean shore power by 2030! 💡🛳️ Mona and Morgan Offshore Wind Farms: The Feedstock Source These projects will utilize permanent neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets containing critical rare earth elements including neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, and terbium. As these turbines eventually reach end-of-life (typically 20-30 years), they will provide substantial feedstock for magnet recycling operations.​ Ionic Technologies: Strategic Location for Circular Supply Chain Ionic Technologies operates its demonstration plant at 6 Heron Wharf, Heron Road, Belfast BT3 9LE, within the Belfast Harbour Estate. This strategic location positions the company approximately 200 meters from the offshore wind assembly and maintenance facilities, creating an ideal proximity for accessing magnet feedstock from decommissioned turbines.​ This mega-project will create 300 jobs, drive regional growth, and support #NetZero & #EnergySecurity, securing Northern Ireland’s place in the green supply chain. 🍃🇬🇧 Demonstration Plant Operations: The current demonstration plant, officially opened in September 2023, operates 24/7 and processes 30 tonnes of magnets per annum, producing 10 tonnes of separated magnet rare earth oxides (REOs) with purities exceeding 99.9%. The facility successfully separates individual rare earth elements—neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, and terbium—representing a first-mover capability in the Western world for individual magnet rare earth recycling.​ The Circular Economy Ecosystem Belfast Harbour's infrastructure creates an integrated circular supply chain for offshore wind and rare earth magnets:​ Feedstock Sources: 1. Offshore Wind Turbine Decommissioning: The D1 terminal serves as both an assembly facility for new turbines and a logical decommissioning hub for end-of-life turbines. Within 150 nautical miles of Belfast, approximately 8.7 GW of installed offshore wind capacity exists, providing substantial future feedstock as these turbines reach end-of-life.​ 2. Manufacturing Waste: The assembly operations at Belfast Harbour generate magnet manufacturing scrap and swarf that can be immediately recycled.​ 3. Geographic Advantage: Belfast Harbour's location provides access to offshore wind farms in the Irish Sea, Celtic Sea, and portions of the North Sea, positioning it as a central hub for turbine lifecycle management.​ Strategic Partnerships: Ionic Technologies has established critical supply chain partnerships to create a closed-loop system:​ 1. EMR (European Metal Recycling): In May 2025, Ionic partnered with EMR to establish supply agreements for magnet feedstock from wind turbines and other sources across the UK, Europe, and Asia. EMR is developing collection and recovery technology to efficiently harvest magnets from end-of-life turbines.​ 2. CirculaREEconomy (CREEM) Consortium: Ionic Technologies leads this £11 million research consortium funded by the Advanced Propulsion Centre, bringing together automotive manufacturers (Ford, Bentley, Wrightbus), magnet manufacturers (Less Common Metals), and research institutions (British Geological Survey, Queen's University Belfast) to establish scalable rare earth magnet recycling for electric vehicles.​ 3. UK Government Support: The Advanced Propulsion Centre has provided multiple grants totaling over £4.8 million to Ionic Technologies for demonstration plant development and commercial scale-up, while Innovate UK has recognized Ionic as the only active producer of recycled rare earth oxides in the UK.​ Ionic Technologies' patented separation technology, developed at Queen's University Belfast, provides first-mover advantage in individual rare earth element separation from recycled magnets. The company produces separated rare earth oxides (neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, terbium) with >99.5% purity, suitable for high-specification applications including defense, electric vehicles, and next-generation wind turbines.​ Belfast Harbour's integrated offshore wind and rare earth recycling ecosystem represents a pioneering model for circular economy development in the renewable energy sector. The strategic co-location of turbine assembly facilities (D1 and D3 terminals) with Ionic Technologies' magnet recycling operations creates an efficient, sustainable supply chain that addresses critical materials security while supporting the clean energy transition.​​ 🎯 Plus: Ionic Technologies’ magnet recycling plant is right on-site to recover #RareEarths from wind turbine magnets, closing the loop on the clean tech circular economy! ♻️🔋 @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ReElementTech @ChrisMcDonaldMP @ussmetals #NdPr #DyTb @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths @Perran4CRH #USSM #Trump #RareEarths @ENERGY #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady #WindEnergy #Renewables #CircularEconomy #GreenJobs #IrishSea #CleanTech #NIpower

The comparison offered here by you fundamentally misrepresents the technical and commercial maturity of each companyʼs technology and products. For those genuinely interested in the critical materials and rare earths space, direct comparison should be grounded in demonstrable operational data, not hypothetical potential. Using share price charts as if they reflect operational achievement. In fact, a premium market cap does not equate to technical maturity or bankable commercial value. Your Logical reasoning! Facts Right Now IXRs Ionic Technologies is producing and selling 10,000kg/year of high-purity separated rare earth oxides (Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb, Ho) from its 24/7 continuous demonstration plant, supported by published DFS, verified recovery metrics, and binding offtake agreements. MKT Cap $100M ✅ Revenue pathway: Binding offtakes in place, scaling 30 tpa → 400 tpa ✅ Operating 24/7 demonstration plant producing 20,000 kg/year separated REO ✅ Customer-qualified product: 99.9% purity Nd₂O₃, Pr₆O₁₁, Dy₂O₃, Tb₄O₇, Ho₂O₃ ✅ Published DFS (Nov 2024): £81.9M CAPEX, $27/kg OPEX. ✅ TRL 7-8 (demonstration → pre-commercial with 24 months continuous operation) ✅ Binding commercial offtakes: Ford,Bentley, LCM, VAC, GKN ✅ £16M government funding (UK Government InnovateUK competitive validation) Per-Dollar Valuation: Market is paying A$95M for proven, operational technology with validated economics and customer commitments MTM is at lab/pilot scale, has yet to deliver any continuous-scale product, and has not published a bankable study or sustained real-world metric for its FJH technology. All product claims are still based on small-batch trials, not commercial validation. Mkt Cap $800M now down to $400M investors are starting to see reality. Do some real research, Jack of all trades master of none Anyone can throw around market caps or flashy narratives—real research means actually digging into operational data, technical studies, and economic disclosures. Being a “jack of all trades” isn’t the problem—the problem is claiming expertise in critical minerals and advanced processing, while glossing over fundamentals like: 1. Demonstrated continuous plant operations at tonnage scale (not just lab or pilot trials) 2. Published DFS with detailed CAPEX/OPEX 3. Bound, qualified customer offtakes 4. Independent validation of process recovery, purity, and reliability That’s what true “research” looks like in engineering-driven industries. Right now, only one of these companies has published such detail and delivered actual product—the rest is marketing. So, if you genuinely want to master this sector, start with the evidence: show us the demo-scale FJH numbers, the product purity certificates, the economic models, and the customer qualification results. Until then, it’s all just noise. @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ReElementTech @ChrisMcDonaldMP @ussmetals #NdPr #DyTb @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths @Perran4CRH #USSM #Trump #RareEarths @ENERGY #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady

Scandium at IXR's Makuutu Project: A Strategic Asset 🚀 World-Class Scandium Resource 💎 Ionic Rare Earths (ASX: IXR) has positioned the Makuutu Rare Earths Project in Uganda as a major future scandium producer. The project hosts 9,450 tonnes of scandium oxide (Sc₂O₃), making it the 3rd largest reported scandium resource globally. This represents a nearly 4-fold increase from the previous 2,300 tonnes. ​ Total global scandium production remains small compared to other critical minerals, with world output in 2024–2025 estimated at just 30–40 tonnes per year, and global production capacity believed to be 80 tonnes per year. This limited supply is almost entirely produced as a by-product from mining and processing other metals, not from dedicated scandium mines. Reserves are difficult to quantify accurately—estimates suggest known deposits and resources contain several tens of thousands of tonnes of scandium oxide, but most of this is not currently exploited due to technical, economic, and infrastructure challenges. Based on current market pricing and IXR's production targets of 20–100tpa scandium oxide, the company stands to generate substantial revenue from this high-value by-product. Market Value & Pricing 💰 Current scandium oxide pricing ranges: Standard 99.9% purity: USD $595-620/kg High purity (5N): USD $633-645/kg Ultra-high purity: USD $3,815/kg At peak production, IXR could generate $60 million annually from scandium alone, making it one of the most valuable by-product revenue streams in the rare earth sector, while VMM's Colossus project, despite its world-class rare earth grades, lacks this additional revenue opportunity. The DFS, completed in March 2023, specifically outlines a planned 5.0 Mtpa mining rate as the operational base for Stage 1. This supports the estimated scandium oxide (Sc₂O₃) production range of 20–100 tonnes per year as a by-product, underpinning those revenue estimates IXR's scandium opportunity at Makuutu represents significant upside potential driven by the project's world-class resource scale, low-cost production profile, and strategic timing within a rapidly growing market. With 9,450 tonnes of contained Sc2O3 and the ability to produce 20–100tpa, Makuutu is positioned to become a key global supplier in a market projected to reach over USD 1 billion by 2033. The combination of negligible additional production costs, robust project economics, and strong demand fundamentals from aerospace and automotive applications creates a compelling investment thesis for IXR's scandium upside potential. The scandium market is tiny and highly concentrated, with China currently controlling the vast majority of supply and Russia racing to catch up. Other countries have large in-ground resources (including Uganda, Australia, and the US), but actual production is minimal outside China and Russia. This concentration makes scandium a strategic, supply-constrained metal—creating strong upside for entrants like IXR if they can bring new scalable production online as global demand grows. Applications Driving Demand 🛩️ Scandium's primary market is aluminum-scandium (Al-Sc) alloys for: Aerospace: Lighter aircraft components, improved fuel efficiency ​Automotive: Weight reduction, enhanced performance 3D printing: Advanced additive manufacturing ​Defense applications: Strategic alloys for military equipment ​Even 0.05-0.1% scandium in aluminum alloys significantly improves strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability. ​ Strategic Positioning 🎯 ​ Competitive Comparison 🏆 Makuutu's 9,450 tonnes Sc₂O₃ resource ranks as the 3rd largest globally, behind: Syerston (Australia): 19,007 tonnes—but at higher costs Flemington: 6,300 tonnes at 446 ppm However, Makuutu's low-capex IAC processing and by-product recovery economics provide superior development advantages.​​ The Bottom Line 💪 Tim Harrison positions scandium as a "metal of the future" where Makuutu can deliver: ​ ✅ Market-doubling initial production (20-25 tpa) ✅ Scalable to 90-100 tpa by Year 10 ✅ Free profitable by-product with negligible cost ✅ 40-fold demand growth potential ✅ Strategic Western supply source amid Chinese restrictions ✅ Low-capex, near-surface development ✅ 35 year mine life with expansion potential With the convergence of supply constraints, geopolitical pressures, and emerging applications in aerospace, defense, clean energy, and advanced manufacturing, Makuutu's scandium opportunity represents a transformational value driver for Ionic Rare Earths 🌟​ ​ @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ReElementTech @ChrisMcDonaldMP @ussmetals #NdPr #DyTb @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths @Perran4CRH #USSM #Trump #RareEarths @ENERGY #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady

New slide presented by @timhorizonmet (MD/CEO, IXR) during the Virtual Investor Conferences, November 20th: Australian Rare Earths & Critical Minerals Virtual Investor Conference—specifically about the US Strategic Metals (USSM) MOU and the deployment of Ionic Technologies’ MAIL separation technology. 🚨 Major IXR Announcement: USSM MOU Fast-Tracks Magnet/Heavy REE Supply in USA 🚨 Headline: Fast-Tracking US Magnet & Heavy REO Production via USSM Partnership Outlines collaboration on a vertically integrated, multi-metallic rare earths value chain leveraging USSM’s fully permitted 1,800-acre (728 ha) Missouri site and IXR’s patented magnet recycling and REO separation technology. The objective: rapidly establish commercial-scale magnet rare earth (and heavy REE) production entirely within the US, bypassing Chinese processing constraints. 🤝 #IonicRareEarths signs MOU with US Strategic Metals to rapidly deploy proven MAIL separation tech 🇺🇸 Strategic Aims: 1. Enable US-based, clean, secure production of separated NdFeB and SmCo magnet REOs (Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb). 2. Position the JV for US and allied government supply chain funding and tech development grants. 3. Form a foundation for future expansion to include other feedstocks (e.g., MREC from primary mining). Technology Validation—What’s Different: ⚡ Belfast “cookie cutter” model (43% IRR🔁, high purity NdPr/Dy/Tb, 24/7 ops) now heading to Missouri—USSM’s fully permitted 1,800-acre site = instant speed advantage! 🏭 ✅IXR’s Belfast MAIL separation tech is at operational TRL 8-9: Now the only western process producing high-purity separated rare earth oxides from magnets at commercial demonstration scale. ✅Industrial partnerships and “cookie-cutter” design proven in the UK; model ready for US deployment. ✅Can process both “end-of-life” magnets and new production swarf, decoupling western supply from global e-waste/MREC. Strategic Context from Tim’s Verbal/Slide Commentary 🧲Scaling Magnet Supply in the US: ♻️ Multi-feedstock platform: NdFeB, Samarium-Cobalt, plus Mixed Rare Earth Carbonate (MREC) = flexibility for #defensesupply, clean tech, EVs, wind, and more The partnership’s core innovation is that IXR’s hydrometallurgical process (“MAIL”) can be rapidly duplicated and scaled in the US, offering a route to quickly produce critical magnet REOs (Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb) outside China. USSM’s permitted site provides a unique fast-start base for first-mover advantage. 🔐Resilience & Security: This approach offers both “net-zero” carbon messaging and national security appeal, key for accessing US Defense and DoE support. It targets Pentagon’s magnet REE supply goals for 2027. ⚗️Future-Proofing with Heavy REEs: The JV isn’t just reprocessing scrap magnets, but plans future capacity to handle mixed rare earth carbonate (MREC) feedstock—giving flexibility for additional US and global partners’ primary production (important for defense/aerospace clients). 🇺🇸US Government Funding & Procurement:💰 Tim positions the MOU so the JV can attract US government (OSC/DOE/Framework) loans, grants, and direct offtake agreements. The value proposition is aligned with new federal strategies prioritizing domestic and allied capacity for critical minerals. Practical Takeaways for Investors and Partners Best-in-class Technology, First US Commercial Deployment: IXR’s “MAIL” tech is proven 24/7 in Belfast, already producing commercial quantities of separated Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb oxides. This de-risks and accelerates the US project. The new MOU/slide signals IXR/USSM’s intention to make Missouri the first US site for scalable, commercial, Western-controlled NdFeB & SmCo magnet REO separation. It’s supported by proven technology, immediate site readiness, and a strong pitch for multi-source government and industry funding—a significant step beyond demonstration-stage competitors.​ ✅ Both companies to pursue opportunities for: Strategic funding Technology development Supply chain collaboration Consistent with U.S.-Australia critical minerals cooperative framework Vertically Integrated Multi-Metallic Platform:​ ✅ USSM's existing operations: Cobalt, antimony sulfide, nickel metal, lithium carbonate, copper cathode, rare earth elements ​✅ IXR adds: Magnet recycling (NdFeB, SmCo) MREC processing capability ​ ✅ Strategic synergy: USSM's multi-metallic platform IXR's rare earth separation = comprehensive critical minerals hub Tim is not saying "we hope to..." or "we're exploring...". He's saying "to be able to" = IXR views USSM partnership as execution-ready, not speculative. Combined with: Belfast 24/7 operational ✅ DFS complete (£85M, 43% IRR) ✅ USSM fully permitted site ✅ Pentagon 2027 deadline urgency ✅ Argentem Creek U.S. strategic investment ✅ Conclusion: IXR-USSM is positioning for rapid definitive agreement → federal funding applications → 2026 construction start → 2027 Pentagon supply 🎯 This presentation confirms everything we've analyzed about the strategic significance of the IXR-USSM partnership. Tim's framing = defense-first, speed-critical, U.S. market entry through proven technology replication at fully permitted site. 🔥 Key Points: Pentagon 2027 deadline = urgency Federal funding access & inbound US strategic investor interest US market = top rerate catalyst for IXR 🌍 The only western company with commercial, scalable, heavy REE recycling & separation tech—execution-ready to break China’s monopoly! 💪🔋🇦🇺🇺🇸 ​ @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @ReElementTech @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ChrisMcDonaldMP @ussmetals #NdPr #DyTb @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths @Perran4CRH #USSM #Trump #RareEarths @ENERGY #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady

Virtual Investor Conferences November 20th: Australian Rare Earths & Critical Minerals Virtual Investor Conference Ionic Rare Earths Ltd. (Pink: IXRRF | ASX: IXR) webcast Ionic Rare Earths is harnessing our technology to accelerate mining, refining and recycling of magnet and heavy rare earths critical for energy transition, advanced manufacturing, and defense. Ionic Rare Earths is focused on adopting sustainable practices, working with strategic partners, creating technological innovations and ethical business standards to achieve our mission. As the world’s alternative, sustainable supplier of separated magnet and heavy rare earths, Ionic Rare Earths will help countries reduce supply chain risk through building resilience to achieve a net-zero carbon future. @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @ReElementTech @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ChrisMcDonaldMP @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths #USSM #Trump #RareEarths #NationalSecurity #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady

Rare Earths in Frontline Military Hardware PART THREE 🚨 RARE EARTHS: POWERING EVERY US MILITARY SYSTEM—AND CHINA CONTROLS IT ALL 🔴 🚨 Every Tomahawk missile, laser targeting system, submarine motor, and jamming device carries rare earth magnets & optics. 🔴 90% processed by China ❌ No US substitutes 🧵THREAD: The West's Military Edge Runs on Rare Earths 🛡️🔋 1. Rare Earth Elements in Electric Motors (Figure 4) REEs Used: Neodymium (Nd), Praseodymium (Pr), Samarium (Sm), Dysprosium (Dy), Terbium (Tb)🧲 Technology: Compact and powerful permanent magnets, primarily NdFeB and SmCo Function/Application: Used in electric drive motors across multiple defense platforms Electric motors in defense platforms increasingly rely on high-performance REE magnets for compactness and power density. This reflects the transition to electrically driven or assisted mobility and systems for enhanced efficiency, stealth, and performance. 1️⃣ Electronic Warfare & DEWs: 🔀 Jamming, railguns & batteries—all rely on rare 2. Rare Earth Elements in Targeting and Weapon Systems (Figure 3) REEs Used: Yttrium (Y), Europium (Eu), Terbium (Tb), and others (Yttrium, Europium, Terbium) Technology: Amplification of energy and resolution, enhancing sensor capabilities Function/Application: Critical for precise targeting and advanced weapons like lasers and photonic disruptors Sophisticated laser and targeting systems depend heavily on these rare earths for amplification and precision. This highlights the importance of rare earth phosphors and dopants such as yttrium and europium for superior operational performance in modern electronic warfare and laser-based weapons. Laser Targeting & Weapon Systems: 🎯⚡ Target, lock, and strike—all with rare earths 3. Rare Earth Elements and Communication (Figure 5) REEs Used: Neodymium (Nd), Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Lutetium (Lu), Europium (Eu), and related rare earths Technology: Amplification and enhanced resolution of signals 📡Function/Application: Radar, sonar, radiation detection, chemical detection, and signal processing 📻Communication, detection, and sensor systems incorporate rare earths extensively in their functional components to improve signal clarity, sensitivity, and multi-spectrum detection abilities. These materials therefore underpin the adaptability and response capabilities of defense sensor suites Electric Propulsion & Motors: ⚙️🥇 Dominance = compact, powerful rare earth magnets 4. Rare Earth Elements in Defense Electronic Warfare (Figure 2) REEs Used: Numerous—with focus on those contributing to energy storage and amplification 💻Technology: Electronic warfare systems, directed energy weapons, and advanced capacitors 🕹️Function/Application: Jamming devices, electromagnetic rail guns, area denial systems, and advanced battery technologies 🔋Electronic warfare and directed energy systems require dense energy storage and highly efficient energy amplification enabled by rare earth materials. These systems are crucial for modern multi-domain operations focusing on electromagnetic spectrum superiority. Comms, Sensing, Detection: 📡🧭 Radar, sonar, chemical, and nuclear detection ⚗️The integration of specific rare earth elements—primarily neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, dysprosium, terbium, yttrium, europium, and lanthanum—within magnets, phosphors, sensors, and energy devices is foundational. Disruption in their supply chains would significantly degrade U.S. and allied military operational readiness across multiple domains. 🧠 What does this mean for defense? 1. RE magnets (NdFeB, SmCo) power EVERY actuator, seeker, and motor 2. Laser/radar/sonar systems are rare earth dependent 3. China processes 85–95% of these elements 4. Western stockpiles < 6 months at wartime rates 🆘 Bottom line: ✖️ No rare earths = no precision strike, no advanced sensors, no electronic warfare ✖️ Any supply chain cut = West’s high-tech military power fades—fast ✍️ Research source: US Defense National University, CSIS, SFA Oxford @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @ReElementTech @Ucore @Metallium_MTM @ChrisMcDonaldMP @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths #USSM #Trump #RareEarths #NationalSecurity #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady #RareEarths #Defense #SupplyChain #StrategicVulnerability #NatSec #EmojifyTheRisks 🔴🪖🔗

Rare Earths in Frontline Military Hardware PART TWO 🚀Missiles and precision-guided ordnance represent 40% of all US military REE demand, making them the single largest vulnerability vector. With annual production of 50,000 precision-guided munitions and 1,000 cruise missiles, any supply-chain disruption would halt offensive capability 🚀Missiles, Ordnance & Precision-Guided Munitions: The Single Largest REE Vulnerability Quantitative US Annual Demand 🚀Precision-guided munitions (JDAMs, SDBs, air-to-ground & anti-tank missiles): 🧲~50,000 units per year × ~15 lbs REEs each ≈ 340 metric tons REO (750,000 lbs), nearly 40% of all US defense REE demand. 🚀Cruise missiles (Tomahawk, JASSM, SCALP, Meteor, etc.): 🧲1,000 units per year × 38 kg REEs each = ~38 metric tons REO. 🚀Sidewinder, Javelin, Patriot, air-to-air & multi-role missiles: 🧲Combined: ~90–120 metric tons REO annually. Why So Much REE Content? Each smart munition or advanced missile uses: 1. NdFeB or SmCo permanent magnets in guidance actuators, fins, and seeker heads.🧲 2. Rare earth alloys in miniature electric motors for maneuvering. 3. Germanium, Gallium, Indium in IR and RF seekers. 4. Yttrium, Samarium in radome, laser, and targeting elements.📡 A typical precision-guided missile can require 6-8 small rare earth-rich motors/sensors—each with high-purity permanent magnets—and advanced electronics that are not easily substitutable. 📊 RARE EARTH CONTENT IN US/NATO PRECISION-GUIDED WEAPONS (Per Unit & Annual Demand) SEE TABLE for rare earth content in magnets, sensors, IMUs, and guidance, plus total annual material demand for that weapon system. 🚀Tomahawk cruise missile (US) 🚀Javelin anti-tank missile 🚀AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile 🚀AMRAAM (AIM-120) or Meteor (Europe) 🚀AGM-158 JASSM (air-launched cruise missile) 🚀JDAM/SDB/PGMs (precision-guided bombs) 🚀SCALP/Storm Shadow (UK/France) Main components: 🧲NdFeB magnets: —actuator motors, navigation system SmCo magnets: —aeroballistic and vibration-resistant sections Electronics: Yttrium in guidance components IR seeker head and radar: Germanium, gallium, yttrium, indium for sensor arrays Key Technical Points 1. NdFeB and SmCo magnets are found in almost every fin actuator, seeker head, gyroscope, or IMU in Western precision munitions. 2. Additional critical minerals: gallium, germanium, yttrium, indium, praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium—all strategically vulnerable. 3. The annual total REO consumption for missiles and PGMs: conservatively 400,000–600,000 kg (400–600 metric tons), i.e., 40–50% of all US EU defense REE demand. 4. Western precision strike, air defense, and anti-armor capability is now fundamentally dependent on REE supply chains (esp. Chinese monolith on Dy, Tb, Sm, Nd processing and magnets). If the Chinese rare earth supply or export regime was interrupted, production of nearly all modern US (and allied) missiles, precision-guided bombs, and key launch systems would grind to a halt within six to twelve months—making missiles and PGMs the single largest and most immediate strategic vulnerability in Western defense arsenals. 🔴 The West's $5 trillion military advantage depends on ONE supply chain: rare earth magnets controlled by China. ❌ No US capacity for dysprosium/terbium separation until 2030 ❌ Pentagon stockpile = <6 months wartime demand ❌ Every Tomahawk, Sidewinder, JDAM contains 3–45 kg of Chinese-processed rare earths Supply disruption = precision strike halt within 12 months. [THREAD 🧵] @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @ReElementTech @ucore @Metallium_MTM @ChrisMcDonaldMP @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths #USSM #Trump #RareEarths #NationalSecurity #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady #Missiles #SupplyChain #Defense #Strategy #Geopolitics #F35 #Tomahawk #Javelin #AMRAAM #JDAM

Rare Earths in Frontline Military Hardware PART ONE Key Takeaways 💯Rare earth element (REE) dependence is pervasive: All major systems across U.S. (and allied) defense rely on REEs in subsystems vital for combat edge—motors, sensors, radars, EW, missile guidance, and propulsion. 🧲Estimated REE content (per system): 📡Surveillance radars / AESA systems: Consistently “High” REE (Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Y, Ga, etc.) content, due to the use of NdFeB magnets in drive motors and high-frequency materials in radar modules. 🛰️Submarines (Virginia-class): ~9,200 lbs (4,170 kg) REE per sub—primarily in silent electric drives, sonar arrays, and guidance systems. 🛳️Destroyers (Zumwalt, Arleigh Burke-class): ~2.3–2.6 tons REE per vessel, overwhelmingly in propulsion, Aegis/AEGIS radar, missile systems, and drive motors. ✈️Aircraft Carriers (Ford, Nimitz-class): “Very high” tonnage-level REE, dominated by EMALS catapults (giant induction motors) and advanced sensor/radar suites. 🚀Missiles and Munitions: “High” REE burden per missile (Patriot, Tomahawk, Sidewinder, Javelin)—with REEs in actuators, guidance, seekers, and thermal batteries. Platform-by-Platform Insight Arleigh Burke-class Destroyer: ~2.3–2.6 tons REE per ship; complexity in Aegis radar, VLS missile cells, propulsion. ​Virginia-class Submarine: ~4,600–9,200 lbs REE per hull; reflects dense concentration in electric motors/stealth tech. 📡Radar, EW, Directed Energy: All show relentlessly high REE dependence for actuation, emission, and targeting subsystems. Drones/UAVs: Each drone (Reaper, Global Hawk) uses moderate-to-high REE (magnets in gimbals, motors, and sensors); scaling mass production increases REE risk. ⚔️ Every F-35? 920 lbs of rare earths ⚔️ F-35 Lightning II: 920 lbs (418 kg) rare earths per jet Annual F-35 Production: 150 jets/year = 62.6 metric tons REO annually 🛢️ Every Arleigh Burke destroyer? 5,200 lbs ⚔️ Annual destroyer production: 3 ships/year = 7.1 metric tons REO annually 🌊 Every Virginia-class sub? 9,200 lbs of REE ⚔️Annual submarine production: 2 subs/year = 8.35 metric tons REO annually Annual precision-guided munitions: 50,000 units = 340.2 metric tons REO annually Total 2025 Defense REO Demand: ~586 metric tons (excluding classified programs) 📍 U.S. import reliance on heavy REEs: 100% China's 2025 export bans already threaten: ✋ F-35 production (2-3 year delays) ✋ Submarine sonar systems (18-month backlog) ✋ Missile guidance (6-12 month shortage) @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @ReElementTech @ucore @Metallium_MTM @ChrisMcDonaldMP @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths #USSM #Trump #RareEarths #NationalSecurity #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals #DefensePolicy #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #NationalSecurity #ChinaStrategy #DefenseSupplyChain #MilitaryReady

Unlocking the Power of Ionic Liquids 🧪 THE IONIC LIQUID BREAKTHROUGH NO ONE IS TALKING ABOUT 🧪 🔬Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of salts that exist in a liquid state at room temperature or near room temperature, primarily composed of cations and anions. Compared to traditional solvents, ionic liquids exhibit unique properties, which have drawn significant attention across various fields due to their "low volatility, high thermal stability, strong solvent capacity, and good conductivity." "Unlocking the Power of Ionic Liquids" (ChemWhat) in the context of IXR’s Ionic Technologies Multifunctional Amide Ionic Liquids Rare Earth Separation IP 💡 The ChemWhat video talks about ionic liquids as the future of green tech for sustainable, selective separation. Here’s the truth: #IXR’s Multifunctional Amide Ionic Liquids (MAIL) tech isn’t “coming soon”—it’s in commercial use, right now! 🚀 Deep Dive: Separation Processes (5:10-5:57 Timestamp) The video specifically highlights separation as a key IL application: ChemWhat Statement: ♻️ IXR’s engineered ionic liquids already: 🔬"Separation processes lie at the heart of countless industrial operations... traditionally energy-intensive and environmentally burdensome. Ionic liquids offer a more sustainable and efficient alternative... by carefully selecting the cation and anion, it is possible to fine-tune properties... designing ionic liquids specifically tailored for separating particular substances." ✅Molecular Engineering: Just as the video describes, IXR’s IP uses molecular design—“multi-amide” and “multi-functional” ligands—tailoring the IL for selective complexation with REEs (especially Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb, Ho). ✅Negligible Volatility/Low Environmental Impact: IXR’s process virtually eliminates solvent emissions compared to organic solvents traditionally used in SX, aligning with the video’s environmental emphasis. ✅Tunability: The competitive advantage is not just the IL itself, but the engineering of the ligands to target and preferentially extract specific REEs even from mixed or low-grade sources—exactly the ‘fine-tuning’ described as the next step for industrial ILs. ✅Recyclability & Closed Loop: IXR’s industrial flowsheets (see all supplied images/tables) demonstrate near-complete recovery and repeated reuse of the IL, capturing the sustainability angle presented in the video. IXR's MAIL Technology: The Separation Example ChemWhat Needed Specific Implementation: 1. Task-Specific Design: IXR's Multi-Amide Ionic Liquids (MAIL) feature engineered amide functional groups that selectively coordinate with rare earth ions based on ionic radius and electronic properties 2. Molecular Recognition: Ligand architecture designed for differential binding affinity—enabling separation of chemically similar lanthanides (Nd vs Pr, Dy vs Tb) 3. Tuned Selectivity: >100x higher selectivity than conventional organophosphorus extractants through precise ligand engineering 4. Single/Few Stage Operation: Eliminates 200 stage conventional SX cascades through breakthrough selectivity ​IXR Position (November 2025): Already operating at commercial scale with validated performance metrics: ✅>99.9% purity separated REOs (Nd₂O₃, Pr₆O₁₁, Dy₂O₃, Tb₄O₇) ✅Continuous processing capability demonstrated ✅Life Cycle Analysis completed and validated ✅Automotive qualification achieved (Ford EV motors) ✅Defense supply chain integration active ✅UK capital grant finalization imminent ✅US partnerships in negotiation ✅Brazil expansion opportunity identified IXR Relevance: The engineered ligand design process used for MAIL development exemplifies the "molecular engineering" approach the video describes—but applied to industrial-scale metal separation rather than materials synthesis. IXR Relevance: This is IXR's core value proposition realized. The video's promise of "designing ionic liquids specifically tailored for separating particular substances" describes exactly what IXR has achieved for rare earth elements. 🚀 THE MARKET BLIND SPOT: Even ionic liquid industry experts don't recognize IXR as the premier commercial IL separation technology 🤦 IXR vs Competitors 1. Ucore RapidSX: Still conventional SX chemistry (52 stages), pre-commercial despite $22.4M DoD funding 2. MTM FJH: Preprocessing only, produces intermediates requiring conventional separation via Ucore partnership 3. Cyclic Materials: Mixed REO product (not separated), batch process, high variability 4. REEcycle: RE formates (not oxides), pilot scale, no commercial production 5. ReElement: Chromatography approach, pilot scale, $172M valuation with zero revenue 6. HyProMag: Alloy powder only, cannot produce separated REOs, Short Loop The ChemWhat video describes ionic liquids' potential for sustainable industrial separation processes. IXR's Ionic Technologies represents the only commercially validated example of this potential realized in the critical minerals sector. Key Takeaways: 1. Technology Validation: Video's generic IL separation promises map perfectly to IXR's MAIL implementation 2. Commercial Reality: Where video says "poised to," IXR says "already doing" 3. Environmental Credentials: IXR validates all sustainability claims video makes for ILs 4. Market Blind Spot: Even IL industry observers miss IXR's breakthrough—confirming valuation arbitrage opportunity 5. Strategic Position: IXR's MAIL IP positions company as separation technology platform, not commodity recycler The broader chemical/materials science community, doesn't yet recognize IXR as the premier commercial ionic liquid separation technology, the current A$97M valuation represents a massive opportunity before market awareness catches up to commercial reality. 🌍 What others hype, IXR does: commercial magnet-grade REOs for Western supply chains. Not just theory—REAL impact. 🔑 THE REAL VALUE: Video says: ILs are "poised to transform industries" Market: still sleeping 💤 IXR: Already transformed rare earth recycling Market: Still waiting for the transformation When awareness catches up to reality = 📈 @IONIC_RE @IONICTECH_UK @IXR2THAMOON @timhorizonmet @LCM_UK @VulcanElements @RE_Exchanges @DiscoveryAlert @ReElementTech @ucore @Metallium_MTM @ChrisMcDonaldMP @MPMaterials @CyclicMaterials @USRareEarths #USSM #Trump #RareEarths #NationalSecurity #CriticalMinerals #Pentagon #China #DefenseSupplyChain #IXR #USSM #SupplyChainResilience #ProcessingCapacity #CSIS #RareEarths #Cleantech #CircularEconomy #Mining #Innovation #Sustainability #ASXIXR #GreenTech #SeparationScience #IonicLiquids #CriticalMinerals

⚗️ In analytical science, not every innovation needs to be revolutionary to make an impact. In his latest column, Frantisek Svec explores why Bo Zhang’s new monodisperse microsphere technology may not reinvent chromatography, but could transform how it’s scaled and produced. Continuous, waste-free, and 24/7 production? That’s where the excitement lies. Read more: ow.ly/7XEL50XmiNr #AnalyticalChemistry #Chromatography #SeparationScience #LabInnovation #AnalyticalScience

Consistent peak shape and reliable recovery start with the right column. Learn how surface innovation is helping labs reduce analyte loss and improve performance across challenging separations. Explore the details: is.gd/rTb65y #Chromatography #HPLC #LCMS #AnalyticalChemistry #LabInnovation #SeparationScience #Bioanalysis

.@INL continues leading innovative #CriticalMaterials research. 🙌🔬 Teaming with @VoltaMetals, we're applying world-class expertise in #SeparationScience & #MineralProcessing to advance metallurgical work on #RareEarthElements & gallium in Canada. 🎥 ➡️ youtube.com/watch?v=8F0qV2Mn…

🎤 Delighted to host Prof. Takuya Kubo as a keynote speaker! “Practical Separation and Detection of Molecularly Imprinted Materials” 📍 Ankara | 📅 Aug 24–27 🌐 itp2025.org #MolecularImprinting #SeparationScience #AnalyticalChemistry