Andy Miller and Arkady Ostrovsky's nostalgic article about the anniversary of the Russian Decembrist uprising ignores why the Decembrists failed and thus why Russians then and since have been unable to bring democracy to Russia.
economist.com/christmas-spec…
French volunteers fought for the US revolution (1776-1783) and came back with revolutionary ideas which propelled France to have a successful revolution 6 years after the US won independence from Britain in 1789. "Franklin" (Apple TV 2024) is a very good TV mini series about US founding father Benjamin Franklin, based on Stacy Schiff's 2005 book "A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America."
Similarly since 1990, Ukrainians have led 3 popular uprisings (revolutions) - Granite (1990), Orange (2004) and Euromaidan (2013-2014).
Russians - zero.
Russian democracy found it difficult to take root in the late 1980s-early 1990s when it was challenged by more powerful red and white imperial nationalist forces who organised two putschs in 1991 and 1993. These red and white imperial nationalist forces became mainstream under Putin.
Perhaps we have to conclude Russians are content to be subjects (not citizens like Americans, French, and Ukrainians) and remain slaves of their Tsars and dictators and imperialists.
Why the Decembrists still matter
Andy Miller
Economist Special correspondent, 22 December
Back in 2006, when I was The Economist’s correspondent in Moscow, I flew out to Irkutsk, in eastern Siberia. Nominally I was researching an article on Russia’s dismal demography, but my strongest memories are of side excursions. I drove out through the taiga to swim in crystal-clear Lake Baikal. I chatted with a six-fingered shaman beneath a Lenin statue in a city square. And I visited the houses of two Decembrists, a group of idealistic rebels who launched a revolt against the tsar.
I draw on that long-ago trip in a Christmas piece I’ve written this year with my friend and colleague Arkady Ostrovsky, our Russia editor. It marks the bicentenary of the Decembrists’ uprising—which, in the modern calendar, took place on December 26th 1825. Theirs is a dramatic story with a rich and ongoing afterlife.
The Decembrists were, for the most part, aristocratic military officers who had helped repel Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812 and chased him back to Paris. They returned with bold ideas for reforming the Russian empire: they wanted to emancipate the serfs and, in place of capricious autocracy, enshrine individual rights and the rule of law. A tsarist succession crisis in 1825 gave them an opening, and they mobilised troops for a showdown in wintry St Petersburg. For me, the most poignant aspect of the stirring episode is that many of them didn’t expect to succeed. Rather they thought it was their duty to make a stand, and a sacrifice, for each other and their country’s future.
My visit to Irkutsk offers a clue to the tragic outcome. After a chilly confrontation near the Winter Palace, the rebels were dispersed by cannons. Five leaders were caught and executed. Dozens of others were exiled to Siberia—including Sergei Trubetskoy and Sergei Volkonsky, who eventually settled in Irkutsk. Their wives, Ekaterina and Maria, gave up their wealth and titles to join them. In time, their homes became museums: I remember blue timberwork with ornate window frames, and, inside, an eerie sense of serenity. On a wall was handwritten correspondence from Leo Tolstoy, a relative of Volkonsky. Tolstoy planned to write a novel about the Decembrists—an idea which eventually became “War and Peace”.
They inspired other writers and thinkers, too, including dissidents in the Soviet era and, more recently, critics of Vladimir Putin. Mr Putin’s regime, by contrast, regards the Decembrists as odious traitors, just as tsarist propaganda did. That is not surprising. Since my stint in Russia, the country has devolved from nasty authoritarianism to outright dictatorship, in which any sign of political opposition must be squished.
Given that official disapproval, I wonder what the atmosphere is like in those houses in Irkutsk today. Do tourists still pace reverentially through the tranquil rooms, peering at Tolstoy’s handwriting and the piano Maria Volkonsky played in exile? I hope so. Two hundred years on, the thrilling tale of the Decembrists—a saga of honour, bravery and endurance—is as powerful and relevant as ever.