42/⏪20 mental models to help navigate the world’s complexity and understand reality:
1. 🧠 "Occam's Razor": The simplest explanation is often the best.
2. 🧠 "Hanlon's Razor": Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity.
3. 🧠 "Dunning-Kruger Effect": Those with low ability at a task overestimate their ability.
4. 🧠 "Confirmation Bias": We tend to listen only to information that confirms our preconceptions.
5. 🧠 "Cognitive Dissonance": We feel discomfort when we hold two conflicting thoughts.
6. 🧠 "Pareto Principle": Roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.
7. 🧠 "Hindsight Bias": Once an event has occurred, it appears inevitable.
8. 🧠 "Availability Heuristic": We overestimate the importance of information available to us.
9. 🧠 "Sunk Cost Fallacy": We irrationally follow through on an activity that is not meeting our expectations because of the time and/or resources we have already spent on it.
10. 🧠 "Anchoring Bias": We rely too heavily on the first piece of information we see (the "anchor") when making decisions.
11. 🧠 "Survivorship Bias": We focus on successful outcomes, not recognizing those that failed due to not surviving the selection process.
12. 🧠 "Recency Bias": We tend to weigh the latest information more heavily than older data.
13. 🧠 "Fundamental Attribution Error": We tend to attribute people's behaviors to their character rather than external factors.
14. 🧠 "Halo Effect": Our overall impression of a person influences how we perceive their other traits.
15. 🧠 "Circle of Competence": It's better to operate within one's areas of expertise.
16. 🧠 "Regression to the Mean": Outcomes often fall back to the average.
17. 🧠 "Bias from Incentives": People’s behavior tends to align with their incentives.
18. 🧠 "First Principles Thinking": Breaking down complex problems into basic elements and then reassemble them from the ground up.
19. 🧠 "The Map is not the Territory": Our mental models and beliefs about reality are not reality itself.
20. 🧠 "Inversion": Instead of thinking about what you need to do to achieve your goal, think about what you could do to prevent it.
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