A brief summary of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) biology and epidemiology: PJ is an ascomycete fungus, characterized by strong tropism for lungs and airborne host-to-host transmission. It is the major cause of Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients with HIV/AIDS, cancer patients, in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and solid organ transplantation, patients with autoimmune disorders, and in infants with HyperIgM (HIgM) syndrome, an X-linked or autosomal recessive genetic primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in the CD40LG ligand gene on the X- chromosome that prevents T-cells from signaling B-cells to switch antibody production to IgG, IgA, and IgE, resulting in severe opportunistic infections.