Seeing some response to my statement on
@MikhailaFuller's podcast about speaking in tongues. Some potentially helpful clarification:
First, I am not a cessationist (though I see myself being accused of it). I state in the interview that I believe that the spiritual sign gifts (tongues, prophesy, healing) still take place today, just not normatively like they were in the Apostolic era.
Nonetheless, I hold to the standard exegetical position that biblical tongues refer to known languages. In Acts 2, the foundational instance, foreign speakers understood the disciples in their own native languages, establishing the clearest precedent for interpreting the phenomenon throughout Scripture.
Secondly, while bliblical specialists and theologians debate whether tongues encompass human languages alone or include angelic speech, the consensus recognizes that a tongue functions as a language -- either immediately intelligible to hearers or requiring interpretation. The requirement that Paul places on interpretation in 1 Corinthians 14 indicates that tongues contain objective, propositional meaning subject to translation, and his statement that โevery valid instance of tongues contains intrinsic, propositional meaning" reinforces this understanding.
A prominent scholarly argument identifies glossolalia as โthe miraculous ability to speak unlearned human and (possibly) divine or angelic languages,โ with the most common usage of โtonguesโ referring to ordinary human languages. The term ฮณฮปแฟถฯฯฮฑ throughout the NT carries two primary meanings: the human organ or a human language, and careful word studies demonstrate that it never denotes non-cognitive utterance.
However, scholarly consensus isnโt absolute the core agreement across interpretations centers on cognitive content: tongues communicate meaningful, intelligible information rather than incoherent utterance.
Third, the early church evidence after the Apostolic era is virtually unanimous: the Early Church Fathers consistently interpreted the gift of tongues as the capacity to speak the many languages used across the earth. Their writings indicate the gift served an evangelistic purpose enabling communication with non-Christian populations.
The Patristics universally understood โtonguesโ in Acts and 1 Corinthians to refer to human languages, and ancient Christians understood the biblical gift of tongues as a miracle involving intelligible human languages. When the fathers described the phenomenon, they used concrete language: John Chrysostom wrote that believers โwould suddenly speak in Persian, another in Latin, another in the language of the Indians or of some other peopleโ (Homilies on First Corinthians, Homily 35), and Augustine stated that disciples โspoke in the languages of all the nationsโ (Sermon 269, Sermo CCLXIX.
The most significant, and almost exclusive, early figure associated with ecstatic speech for tongues was Montanus, a 2nd-century prophet whose followers emphasized speaking in tongues; he was actually excommunicated (not necessarily for his position on tongues) around AD 177. By the late 2nd century, ecstatic interpretations of tongues were present but only in context of ecclesiastical concern.
One interesting nuance appears with Philastrius in the 4th century, who understood angels as capable of conversing in all languages and believed the apostles received this same ability at Pentecost. However, this doesnโt represent a departure from the โknowable languageโ framework rather, the Early Church Fathers understood the gift of tongues as the ability to speak all languages spoken by people. The Church Fathers agreed the gift was the ability to speak all languages known to humankind, an ability they ascribed to angels, suggesting the โlanguages of angelsโ would not refer to a distinct heavenly language but rather to the capacity to communicate with anyone encountered.
The historical record shows no discussion among the fathers of ecstatic utterances, unknown languages, or supernatural unintelligible speech. The gift remained firmly anchored to practical, learnable human languages throughout Patristic interpretation.
So if you've stuck around this long, I think my position is both exegetically and historically sound.