Migration analyses indicate limited long-distance dispersal but strong local connectivity in Italy, consistent with the rapid regional spread of X. fastidiosa. In contrast, we find complex historical gene flow within the UK, suggesting geographic or climatic barriers to movement.
ALT Maps of Europe, with zoomed in views of Italy and the UK, coloured by the historic rates of gene-flow showing areas of high- and low- movement, and graphs showing the different relationships between genetic- and geographic-distance in populations in Italy and the UK.