💊 The OPAL Trial: Opioids for Acute Low Back Pain and Neck Pain
Published in
@TheLancet
Despite the risks, opioids are regularly prescribed for lower back and neck pain. Moreover, evidence supporting its effectiveness is limited and inconclusive.
Are opioids necessary? This multi-centred, triple-blinded RCT conducted in 157 centers across Australia 🇦🇺 aimed to find out!
🏗️METHODS
347 patients with acute low back and/or neck pain were randomized to receive either:
1⃣ Guideline-recommended care opioids (up to 20mg oxycodone daily) (n=174)
2⃣ Guideline-recommended care placebo (n=173)
The primary outcome of interest was pain intensity at 6 weeks.
Secondary outcomes of interest included physical function, quality of life, global perceived effect, ongoing pain, and the risk of misuse.
Follow-up was conducted up to 52 weeks post-randomization.
🔎RESULTS
Pain Scores
At 6 and 12 weeks, no significant differences were observed between the opioid and placebo groups.
At 52 weeks, there was a small significant difference in favour of placebo (p=0.041).
Physical Function
No differences in physical function were observed in people with neck pain.
However, for people with back pain, a significant benefit in favour of placebo was observed at 6 weeks (p=0.011).
Quality of Life
No differences in physical quality of life were observed between the opioid and placebo groups.
However, mental quality of life scores were significantly in favour of the placebo group at 6 and 12 weeks!
Global Perceived Effect
No differences in global perceived effect scores were observed up to 12 weeks of follow-up.
Additional Outcomes
The opioid group showed a higher incidence of ongoing pain and a higher risk of misuse!
✅INTERPRETATION
Opioids did not provide any benefit in pain scores, with placebo, and led to slightly worse pain at 1 year, worse mental quality of life, a higher rate of ongoing pain, and a higher risk of misuse!