Around 2015, when the World Bank was encouraging the Ministry to establish a Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (MATA) as part of the broader BRT agenda, I attended a World Bank workshop in Addis Ababa with a colleague who has since left the Ministry. One statement from the facilitators has stayed with me ever since: āYou cannot engineer yourself out of traffic congestion.ā
He explained that building more roads, widening highways, or constructing flyovers cannot, on their own, solve congestion. Congestion is not simply a roadācapacity problem. It is fundamentally a behavioural, economic, landāuse, and roadāmanagement problem. Engineering interventions treat the symptoms, not the underlying causes.
He highlighted several issues that illustrate this point:
Induced or Latent Demand: Whenever road capacity is increased, more people choose to drive because the road initially feels faster. Over time, the new lanes fill up and congestion returns. This pattern is wellādocumented globally. He gave the example of Seoul, South Korea ā a city I had visited in 2007 and seen the phenomenon firsthand.
Kampalaās Radial Network: Kampalaās road network funnels traffic from Entebbe, Masaka, Jinja, Hoima, and Gayaza into a very small CBD core. Even with flyovers, all these streams still converge at the same point. A flyover may remove conflict at one junction, but it does not reduce the volume entering the city.
Landāuse Patterns: Most jobs, services, and government offices are concentrated in the CBD. This creates strong tidal flows: everyone enters the city in the morning and leaves in the evening. Flyovers cannot change the distribution of demand. Kampala continues to grow inward rather than outward, intensifying pressure on the same limited space.
The Geometry Problem: In dense cities, the real bottleneck is rarely the roads themselves. It is the intersections, offāramps, and city streets. You can build a 12ālane highway/road but if all those vehicles must eventually exit onto a 2ālane urban road with traffic lights, you have simply created a faster way to reach a stationary queue.
Weak Lastāmile Connectivity: Even when trunk roads are improved, the feeder roads in suburbs such as Ntinda, Najjera, Kisaasi, Makindye, Nansana, and Kireka remain narrow, unpaved, or poorly managed. Congestion simply shifts from the improved section to the next choke point.
Other Systemic Factors: Landāuse planning, enforcement, public transport quality, roadside activity, and general road management all influence congestion. Without addressing these, engineering solutions alone cannot deliver lasting relief.
Summary
The lesson from that workshop from the Kampalaās live in or work in is clear: you cannot build your way out of congestion. Sustainable mobility requires a combination of engineering, planning, enforcement, behavioural change, and institutional reform.
ADDING LANES TO FIX TRAFFIC CONGESTATION IS AKIN TO LOOSENING YOUR BELT TO CURE OBESITY. IT ADRESSES THE SYMPTOM (TIGHTNESS) WITHOUT FIXING THE CAUSE.
The mother of all traffics happening in Kyanja this morning.
AVOID KisasiāKyanja road.
Not sure of the cause.
Man, this city needs roads!
@mkainerugaba