Build Ethereum, not a bank. Be Aztec, not arbiscrollasetimismnet. Have an unconditional exit window of some non-zero duration, preferrably infinity.
If you're a user or an app? Just stay on mainnet.
Speed Running Financial History, Lessons from TradFi for DeFi: Part 6
Decentralization, Liability, Property Rights, and the Judgement of Boomie McOlds
There are cypherpunk reasons why we want decentralization, and there are pragmatic ones. I believe the pragmatic ones will be what forces it. Weโre not decentralizing because itโs fun, but because itโs necessary.
It wonโt be ideology that brings us to our decentralized destination, it will be necessity. Itโs not a very romantic answer, but I think itโs the truthful one.
I was hit by a hack recently. I was stolen from. Iโm angry. I want to be made whole. Someone whoโs had his property stolen and isnโt willing to have centralizing bodies force its return only feels this way because he didnโt lose enough.
Allegiance to ideological beliefs and self-interest sits on a spectrum; some people require more distress than others for fight-or-flight to awaken. "Code is law" beliefs are something of a proxy for "I've never experienced sufficient hardship from an attack". You too have a number.
At what point does someone defect from the Rules of Engagement and standard decorum, because he has too much to gain in doing so?
At a certain level of pain, your best interests will supersede ideological fealty, as they should. The reason capitalism works is because weโre evolved to act in our own self-interests. Thereโs a difference between rational self-interest (that wants to right a wrong) and pathological self-interest (sociopathy). Rational self-interest is a healthy, darwinian characteristic.
THE RECKONING OF THAT GUY
See, the thing is, I canโt make someone return my funds to me. Iโm not That Guy. Iโm not rich enough. Iโm not motivated or connected enough. But one day, the wrong guy is going to get robbed onchain, and youโll draw the full ire of That Guy. He will not fuck around.
That Guy is rich. Heโs going to lose a lot of money in this robbery (call it what it is), but will still be wealthy. Heโs going to be enraged, vengeful, and motivated. Heโs going to do more than just demand heโs made whole, heโs going to use the legal system to impose it.
Code isnโt law, men with guns is law; and he will appeal to the latter, because fuck what the code says, he wants his money back.
And heโs probably going to win, and force something that everyone will absolutely hate, but ultimately is necessary.
WHY DECENTRALIZE? A SECRET BONUS REASON.
The path to true decentralization wonโt be found in a roadmap, itโll be found in survival.
Why make something decentralized? Why are we intentionally making inefficient, slower databases? So no single entity can control them.
The benefits of one person not controlling a financial ledger are worth the inefficiencies: no censorship, no gatekeeping, permanence, permissionless access, and the disintermediation of money and the state.
But what if there was another critical reason that has yet to rear its ugly head: no liability.
L2s AND DECENTRALIZATION
Basically no L2 is decentralized. They all can rollback state, block withdrawals, or have a centralized sequencer. This is not decentralization.
Iโm not criticizing them for it. I understand scaling and building is a complex, difficult process that requires coordination at the onset, and decentralization is a spectrum to work towards.
However, if you have all those centralized abilities, and a major act of fraud goes down on your financial ledger, and you donโt fix itโฆโฆ
Iโm adversarially minded. Iโd describe much of what I write about as adversarial philosophy. It involves candidly analyzing things, often in a discomforting way. When I see centralization and a crime someone chooses to not stop, arguably permitting, I default to how the meanest prosecutor might think...โaccompliceโ.
BANK TRANSFERS ARE LAW: A SCENARIO
Globobank was defrauded and mistakenly wired out $20M from accounts in an elaborate scam. Globobank is kinda like one big ledger in a way.
Reversing this would be hairy, but Globobank can unwind the fraud and return the $20M back to the rightful owners. But chooses not to, because ideology.
> Feds: โYou need to either freeze these accounts or reverse this while we investigate.โ
> Globobank: โIโm sorry we canโt, it goes against our deeply held belief that bank transfers are law. If we undo this, then our clients will realize a lot of their Globobank assumptions are wrong, and the optics are bad. Also itโs a pain.โ
> Feds: โSo you can undo this, but some clients would be mad and think you canโt. And itโs annoyingโฆ. so youโre refusing to rectify massive fraud because management thinks bank transfers are law?โ
> Globobank: โThatโs right. A little rude, but correct.โ
> Feds: โSounds like aiding criminal activity, letโs see what the courts sayโฆ..โ
THE JUDGEMENT OF BOOMIE McOLDS
Now Iโm going to give you an entirely plausible, unpleasant scenario for DeFi:
There was a $100M hack on Optimism. They could have frozen bridges and block production and rolled it all back, but leadership chose not to. Because ideology and optics.
That Guy I told you about, the rich, vindictive, angry one who lost a lot of money but is still very rich, he got hit hard. Heโs going scorched earth and suing Optimism for enabling fraud and to recoup his losses. The case is going to court.
The honorable Boomie McOlds is presiding.
> Plaintiff: โYour honor, as we reviewed in our bank example, nowhere else would we accept willful facilitation of fraud at a financial institution. Youโre just as culpable as the exploiter if you refuse to stop itโฆโ
> Defense: โObjection! Your honor, a blockchain isnโt a financial institution, itโs a **nuanced details about blocks, validators, etc. that Boomie finds irrelevant**.โ
โSo you see, if these transactions were reversed โ which my L2 client could have done โ it would have been totally not cool. All our users would have been very angry because weโre supposed to be decentralized.โ
> Honorable Boomie McOlds: โSo you could have stopped this crime, but you didnโt because youโre fake decentralized. However you're working towards real decentralized?โ
> Defense: โYes, but please donโt say that outloud. Code is law.โ
> Honorable Boomie McOlds: โThe court rules in favor of the plaintiff. You owe $100M plus damages.โ
THE PUSHBACK
You have nuanced, technical reasons why the blockchain and financial institution parallel is amiss. You studied cryptography at MIT, maybe law at Yale, and actually this scenario overlooks a key point about possession and finality that when viewed in conjunction with the Wooden Canoe Act of 1912 blah blah blah.
Youโre probably right. Iโm not dismissing your objections because youโre wrong. Iโm dismissing them because theyโre likely to be ineffective against a legal system dominated by predatory regulators and politicized prosecutors that are hired guns to protect the state, not to protect consumers.
You donโt have to convince me, you have to convince the Boomie McOlds that saturate the legislature and judiciary.
The state hates DeFi and is right to see it as a threat to their soft power. The state makes the law, interprets the law, and enforces the law; and itโs Boomies all the way down. To say youโre at a structural disadvantage is an understatement.
Coinbase and Uniswap have the legal teams of God and did everything as by-the-book as possible, and are still getting attacked with Wells Notices. Thatโs because this isnโt a legal discussion, itโs a power-based one. Battles over power fundamentally donโt happen in court rooms. The court facilitates the rules imposed by the entity in power.
It wonโt be ideological purity that takes us to our decentralized destination, but liability-eschewing, survival-led necessity.
PSEUDO-DECENTRALIZATION: THE WORST OF BOTH WORLDS
Currently, we have what I would describe as the worst of both worlds.
We have centralized entities masquerading as global networks. Decentralization pageantry. Finality theater. This provides few decentralization benefits, and even fewer centralization ones.
We have full exposure to censorship, AND get no protections against hacks!
When lowlifes steal, we have to pretend like we canโt thwart it. Being able to stop this falls firmly in the censorship-benefit camp of centralization, and we're denied it. We allow billions in theft becauseโฆ. eww?
Pseudo-decentralization is the worst of both worlds because weโre subject to all the risks of centralization as it relates to censorship, and get none of the pros of that censorship ability.
In the interim, while weโre centralized, we should reap the full benefits of it and not pretend like they're not there.
PROPERTY RIGHTS ARE SACRED
If youโre going to be centralized, thatโs fine. Itโs a hard process and Rome wasnโt built in an epoch. But be transparent about what it means for risk AND protections, and donโt allow people to be wronged because it disrupts the theater.
People rightfully want their property back when someone steals it. And until chains figure out ways to credibly decentralize, we should work to avoid the eventual wrath of That Guy and the legal system.
Leverage the pros of our current environment to help victims. Instead we act like theyโre not there, opting to protect North Koreans and criminal scum over regular users.
Property-rights violators are biowaste. The DeFi zeitgeist seems to hold these people's actions as more worthy of protection than the return of rightful belongings.
Donโt deprive people of their rightful property because it exposes false optics. Theft is fundamentally a property-rights violation. We all believe in property rights, right? Do you think if a burglar breaks into your home and steals he should be caught, punished, and your property returned to you?
Ok and why is getting burglarized onchain different? Itโs not. Itโs a property-rights violation. Itโs orders of magnitude more morally repugnant than stopping block creation. There is no equivalence here.
We all think we should be able to self-custody our crypto because of property rights yes? Ok well just extend that belief ever-so-slightly further and understand that if this is in fact property, which it is, what that means if youโre robbed of it.
Radical respect of property rights is essentially the bulwark of Western beliefs.
Willfully allowing property-rights violations is a greater moral wrong than stopping the sequencer. In fact, property-rights violations may be the second-worst moral wrong that exists (second only to violent assault). If you can stop them, you should.
CLOSING: DECENTRALIZE TO AVOID THIS DILEMMA
If you donโt want the liability and obligation of rectifying legal and moral wrongs, the answer is very simple: credibly decentralize. Make it so you literally canโt change what happened.
I encourage all chains to take this seriously. Maybe start to create a framework for freezing and rectifying obvious theft and fraud. Because That Guy exists, and when he gets hit, heโs going to go after you, and you don't want the legal system to view this the way I just laid out.
Further, I personally think itโs the correct moral decision to leverage the power you have to right wrongs while you still have that power. Donโt pretend like you donโt.
The best way to rid yourself of any moral or legal liability is to make it so it's not your decision to make. I prefer a decentralized world where it canโt be undone by any single entity. But I also donโt deny the world as it is now.
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