Microglial activation and neuroinflammation: implications for neuropsychiatric symptoms

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are increasingly recognized as key regulators of neural development, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. In addition to their class

Neuroprotection under pressure: rethinking hyperbaric oxygen therapy

This Perspective explores why hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) deserves closer clinical and scientific attention as a possible treatment for ischemic stroke and a potential neuroprotective strategy

Effect of administration of a synbiotic (Enterococcus faecium and agave inulin) on cognitive...

Aim:To assess the effect of a synbiotic supplement composed of Enterococcus faecium and agave inulin on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:In

The role of norepinephrine in personality traits: alertness, anxiety, and adaptability—a comprehe...

Norepinephrine (NE), a central catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesized primarily in the locus coeruleus (LC), plays a critical role in regulating arousal, attention, emotional processing, and str

An overview of the role of monoamine oxidase-B in Parkinson’s disease: implications for neurodege...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both non-motor and motor symptoms, due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B)

NEUROD2-related disorder with neonatal onset: case report and review of the literature

The NEUROD2 gene encodes a transcription factor essential for neuronal differentiation and cortical development. Pathogenic variants cause a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with

Lysophospholipid receptors in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection

The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most complex physiological systems, and treatment of CNS disorders represents an area of major medical need. One critical aspect of the CNS is its lack

Human microbiomes in neurodegenerative diseases: an overview of their potential involvement

By individual examination, the present review provides an overview of the potential involvement of various human microbiomes, including the gut, oral, skin, and nasal, in the pathophysiology of neur

Sensation-suppression theory: a new explanation for fibromyalgia syndrome and myalgic encephalomy...

Explanations and treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are controversial, and outcomes are poor. This paper describes sensation-sup

A short-chain fatty acid triad in pain regulation

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial-derived metabolites produced primarily through the fermentation of dietary fibre by the intestinal microbiota. Current evidence indicates that they play

Pathophysiology of non-motor signs in Parkinsons disease: some recent updating with brief present...

Potentialities of IGF-1 for regulating oxidative stress in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration:...

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) elicits a variety of effects on the regulation of oxidative stress, a topic that remains shrouded in controversy. This intricate regulation plays a pivotal role