ALT A representation of how symptoms of some exemplar constructs in the DSM-5 map onto the hierarchical structure we found. On the left are examples of disorders with symptoms that mostly hung together in the data-driven structure (i.e., ‘notably homogenous disorders’) and on the right are examples of disorders with symptoms that scattered throughout the data-driven structure (i.e., ‘notably heterogeneous disorders’).

ALT A figure depicting a hierarchical model of the dimensions that have been found to organise psychopathology in youth (e.g. internalizing, externalizing, thought disorder). Some of the constructs are outlined by—or linked with—dashed lines, which denotes evidence from a single study.