ALT Diagram illustrating relativistic time dilation in a pair of atomic clocks, with the summary statement “AI-Descartes can identify which theory explains better the phenomenon”. On top are two diagrams for a moving light clock, one illustrating behavior under the assumptions of relativity and one illustrating behavior in a “Newtonian” world. Beneath these is a stationary light clock. The light path is animated to show that the time required for the Newtonian moving clock is the same as that for the stationary clock, but the time required for the relativistic clock is longer than that required.

ALT A table of results for three systems: Solar system, Exoplanets, and Binary stars with a cartoon icon for each. The table starts out blank, and “symbolic regression” appears in the upper right corner, as 3 mathematical expressions for each system (9 in total) appear sequentially in the table, representing their generation by the symbolic regression engine. Then, “symbolic regression” is replaced with “reasoning,” which causes several of the expressions to change their order, and the rediscovered ground truth expression is highlighted in a box. Icons created by Eucalyp & Freepik - Flaticon.com

ALT Plot of adsorption loading versus pressure for methane on mica at 90 K. It is animated, starting with the experimental data as points on a scatterplot, and then with 7 functions, f1-f7, plotted over top, incrementally. The derivable function, f2, is highlighted after all appear.

ALT Simplified, animated schematic of the discovery process, flowing from left to right. First, numerical data (a cartoon scatter plot) points to symbolic discovery (a function under a magnifying glass), which points to a list of hypotheses. After this appears, an animation shows that background theory (a cartoon of a logarithmic spiral) points to reasoning (a cartoon of a brain), which points to the same list of hypotheses, leading to one hypothesis receiving a green check, because it has been validated by the background theory. Then, the list of hypotheses (one of which is validated) points to a lightbulb icon to represent a discovered formula.