What happens when you divide an indivisible particle?
Researchers from the University of Oslo in Norway have calculated what happens when a single photon is cut short by a shutter. A photon is a quantum of light, and as such indivisible qua mathematical definition. One might guess that blocking part of its wave packet leaves a superposition of two parts, one moving on, one not.
The authors say the answer is much more difficult—and more interesting. According to their calculation, the result is a state with superpositions of 0, 1, 2, and in principle arbitrarily many photons. So it seems that cutting the photon creates infinitely many photons!
The authors say that the reason is that cutting the photon itself requires energy, which creates photons, and theoretically infinite many of them.
Paper: Rukan et al, PRL (2026), arXiv:2510.21636