**Fermilab (Fermi National Accelerator Lab) was founded in 1967 as a DOE national lab.** Initial main accelerator construction cost ~$250 million in 1970s dollars (completed under budget).
Annual operating budgets have grown over time—recently ~$739 million (FY2024), mostly from federal taxpayer funds via DOE's High Energy Physics program.
No single official cumulative total is published, but over 58 years (including major projects like Tevatron, PIP-II ~$1B, and DUNE >$3B), the total investment is in the tens of billions of nominal dollars. Exact figure requires summing decades of appropriations.