With verdicts, likely, expected soon and considering the profound ramifications they may have on and outside Kosovo, we hosted a webinar yesterday titled “Reflecting on the Kosovo Specialist Chambers: Justice, Politics, and Long‑Term Consequences,” featuring an excellent lineup of speakers from academia and civil society. We are grateful to Robert Muharremi Gëzim Visoka Aferdita Sylaj Shehu and Armend Bekaj for their thoughtful and insightful contributions, and to Ramadan Ilazi for facilitating the discussion.
Across legal, political, and community perspectives, the conversation highlighted deep concerns about the court’s legitimacy, its societal impact, and its broader political consequences. Speakers questioned whether the process has delivered justice or closure for victims; whether it has instead reinforced polarisation within Kosovo and between communities; and whether it risks reshaping narratives of the war with long‑term implications for peace, reconciliation, and international justice.
A few of the questions on the table:
→ What does it mean for transitional justice when a court's jurisdiction is broader than the crimes it was established to investigate — and when that breadth has never been seriously scrutinised by the parliament that passed the enabling law?
→ The ICTY found no joint criminal enterprise in any KLA-related case. The KSC has found JCE in both cases it has completed. How do we account for that divergence — and what precedent does it set for how international tribunals treat liberation movements?
→ The court was established under pressure from Kosovo's Western partners. If the verdicts produce convictions, many in Kosovo will not experience them as justice — they will experience them as a politically motivated indictment of the liberation war itself. What does that do to trust in international institutions at a moment when that trust is already fragile?
→ From community-level research: the overwhelming majority of Kosovo citizens still do not understand what this court is, what it is trying, or why. Accountability that is invisible to those it is supposed to serve cannot perform the reconciliation function transitional justice promises.
The KSC is, in many respects, a unique arrangement for Kosovo and the region in the context of transitional justice, established within a domestic legal order but staffed exclusively by international personnel, sitting outside the country it covers. Examining what it has and has not achieved is important scholarship regardless of where one stands on the verdicts.