Much like fat density and muscle density โ bone density is of equal importance and acts as a signal to communicate with other tissues of the body.
- Fat tissue speaks via leptin, adipokines, free fatty acids, triglycerides, cytokines, and other hormones.
- Muscle tissue speaks via myokines (irisin, IL-6, IL-15, myostatin), lactate, and prostaglandins, and indirectly through its ability to pull glucose and triglycerides out of the blood โ acting as the body's largest metabolic sink in the body.
- Bone tissue speaks via osteocalcin, FGF23, sclerostin, RANKL, prostaglandins (PGE2), and cytokines โ largely orchestrated by the osteocytes, which make up 90โ95% of all bone cells, formed from osteoblasts.
- Fascial networks, alongside blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves, are the wires that send these signals for communication within their biochemical and bioelectrical structures.
You can think of this as if they're all seeing if trying to achieve optimal homeostasis with one another.
If bone density is solid, then it will tell the muscle "you can keep growing," it will tell the fat tissue indirectly "let's keep you slim, but enough for your biological purpose," and it will tell the testes "you can make more testosterone to build more muscle and keep the fat slim."
It will also tell the pancreas "you can keep releasing insulin, we are metabolically ready to burn glucose and build proteins," and it will even tell the brain "we are in energy abundance down here, you can leverage neurogenesis, neurotransmitters, and neuroplasticity to build up/upgrade the nervous system."
This is how leptin and insulin talk to the brain via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis', which communicates to the associated glands to release hormones like thyroid, cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, DHEA, prolactin, adrenaline, and more.
Bone health is seriously under-rated in comparison to body fat and muscle density.
Your fat tissue speaks to other tissues via leptin and other cytokines. Your muscle speaks to other tissues via myokines, lactate, and indirectly via controlling blood triglycerides/glucose.
And your bone matrix speaks to your body via osteocalcin, FGF23, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, Mg-ATP, mechanotransduction signals, RANKL, and other cytokines.
Bone cells (eg., osteocytes, osteoblasts) release osteocalcin (requires vitamin A D for synthesis, alongside K2 for carboxylation) which increases testosterone and insulin driving anabolism in muscle and optimal body fat. This compound also directly induces myogenesis, and is neuroprotective.
Your bone tissue is saying "hey guys, I'm the structure and I'm currently strong, so let's build everything up."
These cells also releases FGF23 to balance the calcium/phosphorus ratio.
If you have poor calcification in your bones/teeth, you probably have excessive calcification in your soft tissues where you don't want it. This has its own subset of negative consequences like poor blood flow, detoxification, hypoxia, and severe disease states like cardiovascular events, kidney disease, and even hair loss.
Your bone cells also releases beneficial prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and ATP to further drive bone anabolism and remodelling.
Your bone matrix contains mechanosensory receptors like PIEZO1 and integrins that drive microfractures โ much like microtears within muscle โ to drive that anabolism. This is via all forms of movement like resistance training, running, jumping, etc.
You need an array of nutrients to support all of this:
- Balanced calcium/phosphorus
- Vitamin A, D, K2, alongside proper bile/lymphatic flow
- Magnesium, zinc, and iron
- Balanced arachadonic acid and DHA/EPA intake
- Carbon dioxide
- Cofactors for nitric oxide/NOS (arginine, oxygen, etc.)
- B vitamins for energy metabolism
Excessive cortisol and PTH lead to excessive bone resorption (breakdown) that exceeds formation. Testosterone, estrogen (in balance), and IGF-1 stimulate bone formation. Theoretically, excessive estrogen may have paradoxical effects due to lowering testosterone (via aromatase), and being a subsequent hormonal byproduct of excessive oxidative stress/inflammation (which also induces bone resorption).
Don't underestimate your bone health. Muscle and fat get more attention, but bone might matter way more.