You paid Avast to block trackers.
Avast was the tracker.
435 million users. 6 years of selling your full browsing history. Every search, every site, every location.
The FTC caught them in 2024. $16.5 million fine. Here is the full story and how to stay safe.
Avast was one of the biggest free antivirus companies in the world. At its peak it had 435 million active users. Its entire marketing pitch was simple: install us, and we will block the trackers that follow you across the web.
Millions of people trusted that pitch. Most still have it installed.
In January 2020, Motherboard and PCMag published leaked Avast internal documents. The truth: since 2014, Avast had been collecting the full browsing history of its users and selling it.
The data was sold through a quiet subsidiary nobody had heard of, called Jumpshot. This was not a leak. It was the business model.
What Jumpshot was actually selling, in the FTC's own words: "detailed, re-identifiable browsing data." That data included "religious beliefs, health concerns, political leanings, location, financial status, visits to child-directed content."
Each URL came with a precise timestamp and a unique device identifier.
Avast's defense was that the data was "anonymized." The FTC said that was the lie. Every URL came with a unique device ID and a precise timestamp. Any company holding its own customer data could match those timestamps and identify the real person behind the clicks.
Anonymous in theory. Trackable in practice.
The data was sold to over 100 different companies. One contract, with the advertising giant Omnicom in December 2017, paid Jumpshot about $2 million a year. In exchange, Omnicom received an "All Clicks Feed" covering 50% of Jumpshot's entire user base across the US, UK, Mexico, Australia, Canada and Germany. Every URL clicked, across all domains.
The contract also let Omnicom map Jumpshot's user IDs to identifiers from data broker Neustar and LiveRamp. In plain English: re-identify the people.
The timeline:
-August 2014: Avast starts feeding browsing data to Jumpshot.
-2018: Jumpshot says it has data from 100 million devices.
-January 27, 2020: Motherboard and PCMag publish the leak.
-January 30, 2020: Avast shuts Jumpshot down 3 days later.
-February 2024: The FTC files formal charges.
-June 2024: $16.5 million fine. Permanent ban.
What the FTC ordered Avast to do, on top of the fine: delete every dataset given to Jumpshot. Delete every algorithm trained on that data. Get explicit consent before selling any browsing data ever again. Notify every affected user. About 3.6 million Americans were eligible for refunds. The claim window closed June 5, 2025.
So how do you actually stay safe.
Step 1. If you are on Windows 10 or 11, you already have Microsoft Defender built in. It is free. It updates automatically. PCMag, AV-TEST and AV-Comparatives all rank it as a top-tier antivirus every year. You do not need anything else.
To confirm it is on: open Settings, click Privacy and Security, click Windows Security, click Virus and Threat Protection, confirm "Real-time protection" is On. That is the entire setup.
Step 2. On Mac, you do not need a third-party antivirus at all. macOS already has Gatekeeper, XProtect and App Sandbox built in. They scan every app before it runs. Apple's malware database updates automatically in the background. If you want extra protection once a month, Malwarebytes Free is the most respected free name in that space.
Step 3. On any device, also remove these: any browser "security" extension you do not recognize. Any free VPN you do not pay for, because most sell your traffic. Any antivirus you installed years ago and forgot about.
If the software is free and it touches your browsing, it has a way of making money. Usually with your data.
The bigger lesson from the Avast story.
Free software is never actually free. Someone is always paying. Often it is you, with data you did not know you were giving.
Before you install anything next, ask one question.
If I am not paying for it, what is the product.