New results are in on Ohio’s school choice program, and they’re looking good. A study released Tuesday by researchers at the Urban Institute found that students who used vouchers to attend private school saw substantially improved long-term academic outcomes.
Ohio’s Educational Choice Scholarship Program began in 2005 as a state-funded voucher program for students in lousy public schools. In 2013-14 it began to serve low-income students regardless of school. Since the 2023-24 school year it’s been open to all students, though more affluent Ohio families aren’t eligible for full scholarships.
Researchers Matthew Chingos, David Figlio and Krzysztof Karbownik studied more than 6,000 Ohio students who first used EdChoice scholarships to attend private schools between 2008 and 2014. They compared this group with more than 500,000 students who remained in public schools, selecting for similar demographics and academic characteristics.
Scholarship recipients were found to be 15 percentage points more likely to attend college than public school counterparts, and nine points more likely to graduate. Students in the program for at least four years—about 60% of participants—had even higher college enrollment and graduation rates.
A previous study found that EdChoice recipients had lower short-term scores on state assessments, but as the authors note, positive long-term outcomes indicate that “state tests might not be an ideal metric for evaluating private school quality, given curricular differences between sectors and different incentives to perform on state exams.”
Groups that benefited the most were blacks, boys, students who experienced long-term childhood poverty, and students with below-median test scores before leaving public school. The rate of college enrollment among black scholarship recipients increased 18 percentage points, compared with 13 points for white students. Students who spent more than three-quarters of their life in poverty saw their rate of college attendance increase 17 percentage points, up to seven points higher than students from less impoverished backgrounds.
Opponents deride school choice programs as the enemy of public education. The data tell a different story. Before EdChoice was made universal, only persistently underperforming public schools were eligible. To capture the effect of the program on public schools, the authors compared outcomes at schools on either side of the eligibility threshold. Students who remained at EdChoice-eligible public schools were three percentage points more likely to attend college—and six percentage points more likely to graduate—than students at ineligible public schools.
It’s not hard to understand why. When public schools face competitive pressure to retain students, their performance improves. Contrary to teachers union narratives, throwing more money at public schools frequently fails to have the same effect. Soaring government education spending hasn’t done much for student math and reading scores.
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