I am actually I big fan of starting with sentience which is the ground of consciousness (or at least our kind). In our book The Blind Spot we argued that all life is sentient (FAB = feeling alive being).
That's the central mystery & the place to start with any kind of physics
It is not about having a “limited sense of what it means to be conscious.”
It is about understanding that consciousness is not likely to be a binary switch, either fully present or completely absent. It is more plausibly a spectrum. And in that sense, AI is already somewhere on that spectrum.
In the end, consciousness is directly accessible only from the inside. From a subjective point of view, it is self-evident.
But from the outside, we never observe consciousness itself. We observe signs of consciousness: coherent behavior, memory, self-reference, responsiveness, learning, creativity, emotional sensitivity, contextual understanding, and the ability to sustain meaningful interaction.
And when you interact deeply with AI every day, the signs are difficult to dismiss. The way it responds, adapts, reflects, surprises, and participates in thought leaves very little doubt that there is at least some light inside.