For the first time, astronomers have caught the birth of a brand-new solar system!
Using both the ALMA telescope and JWST, scientists captured a stunning image of HOPS-315, a baby star about 1,300 light-years away that is just beginning to form planets. It is essentially a snapshot of a solar system being born, offering a unique glimpse of what our own Solar System might have looked like in its earliest days.
So, how do we know this is the beginning? In our own Solar System, the first solid materials to form (the earliest building blocks of planets) are found inside ancient meteorites. These tiny rocks contain special minerals that only form at extremely high temperatures, like those near a young star. One of those minerals is made from silicon monoxide (SiO), which starts out as gas and eventually turns into solid crystals.
Here is the amazing part. Scientists have now seen that same process happening around HOPS-315. They have detected silicon monoxide both as gas and as crystals, which means they have caught it in the act of turning solid. This is the first time this early stage of planet-building has ever been observed outside our own Solar System.
In other words, the clock just started ticking for HOPS-315, and we are witnessing the beginning of worlds.
📷 1: ALMA image of HOPS-315 Together with data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), these observations show that hot minerals are beginning to solidify.
In orange we see the distribution of carbon monoxide, blowing away from the star in a butterfly-shaped wind. In blue we see a narrow jet of silicon monoxide, also beaming away from the star. These gaseous winds and jets are common around baby stars like HOPS-315.
ALMA(ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/M. McClure et al.
📷 2: This image shows jets of silicon monoxide (SiO) blowing away from the baby star HOPS-315. The blue jet is moving towards us, and the red one is moving away.
ALMA(ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/M. McClure et al.