Facial reconstructions of a giant and a dwarf Scythian
The giant was buried at Edirey 3, an Iron Age burial site located near the village of Edirey in Kazakhstan. He was afflicted by a hormonal disorder that resulted in his exceptional height, estimated at 200–215 cm, as well as an enlarged skull. He died at around 40–45 years of age and was interred with grave goods, including a small knife, several arrowheads, and a large bronze mirror (Beisenov, A., 2007).
The dwarf, buried at Dogehe-Baary in Tuva, stood about 127 cm tall. This individual, dating to an early phase of the Scythian Uyuk-Sagly culture, suffered from pituitary dwarfism. His condition likely included a clumsy or limping gait, a barrel-shaped chest, scoliosis, chronic joint pain, and reduced mobility. These issues, together with the underdevelopment of the apophyses of the upper and lower limb bones, would have significantly limited his mobility and likely led to obesity. His cranium exhibits healed injuries, suggesting that he was the target of aggression; he may ultimately have died from a traumatic brain injury. Despite this, his age at death was no less than 45 years. Such longevity for an individual with pituitary dwarfism complicated by epiphyseal dysplasia is exceptional even by modern medical standards (Aristova, E.S., Chikisheva, T.A., Seidman, A.M. et al., 2006).
The Scythians, also known as the Saka, were an Iranic-speaking people who originated in regions including Minusinsk, the Altai, Tuva, Mongolia, and Xinjiang.