β¦οΈMore than two million Palestinians are living in a severe health and environmental catastrophe resulting from the accumulation of hundreds of thousands of tons of solid waste within residential areas, shelters, and displacement tents scattered across the streets, as well as the leakage of wastewater and the widespread proliferation of rodents and insects. These conditions threaten peopleβs lives and health and add a new dimension to their worsening humanitarian suffering. This health and environmental catastrophe cannot be separated from the policies and measures imposed by the Israeli Occupation Forces (IOF) over the past 32 months in the
#Gaza Strip, which continue to this day despite the declaration of a ceasefire on 10 October 2025. More than two million Palestinians remain confined to only 30% of the Stripβs total area and are deprived of any meaningful recovery or rehabilitation of civilian infrastructure due to the ongoing ban on the entry of essential materials, particularly construction supplies such as cement.
βͺοΈThis coincides with the ongoing systematic destruction of infrastructure, the prohibition of the entry of equipment and machinery necessary for rubble removal and waste collection, the obstruction of fuel supplies required for the operation of municipal services, and the prevention of repairs to water and wastewater networks, as well as restrictions on the entry of materials needed to combat rodents and insects. These measures directly contribute to the creation of an environment that endangers the basic necessities of human life. These practices constitute serious violations of Articles 55 and 56 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which oblige the occupying power to ensure public health and to take preventive measures necessary to combat the spread of diseases and epidemics among the civilian population.
βͺοΈThe ongoing confinement of more than two million Palestinians in a limited area, amid the spread of waste, wastewater leakage, and the proliferation of rodents and insects, forms only part of the deadly living conditions imposed systematically and continuously on the civilian population, including the deprivation of the bare minimum essentials for survival and public health. These conditions correspond to the concept of deliberately inflicting on a group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part, as set out in Article II(c) of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. The maintenance of such policies despite repeated warnings by the United Nations and humanitarian organizations regarding the risk of outbreaks of deadly diseases and epidemics, and the failure to take necessary measures to prevent the worsening of the crisis, constitute a highly significant indicator in assessing the presence of the special intent required under international law for the crime of genocide.
πAccording to PCHRβs follow-up, the extensive destruction of infrastructure, municipal buildings, waste management facilities, and landfills, in addition to the shortage of fuel necessary for the operation of wastewater and waste transfer vehicles, has led to an almost complete inability to collect and safely dispose of solid waste. As a result, waste is accumulating in residential areas, near shelters, and between tents in streets and markets, creating conditions conducive to the outbreak of epidemics.
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